應用社會企業概念創造社區老人預防照護價值

隨著全球化的經營趨勢，以及社會、經濟環境與人口結構的改變，無論是營利事業或非營利事業都面對社會變革所帶來經營上的衝擊。營利事業期望能夠經由回饋社會，盡到社會責任獲得廣大消費者的支持來維持永續生存；非營利事業則礙於有限的社會性支援資源，為了永續生存也積極朝向創業創新發展。因此，造就了社會企業的發展。面對人口老化的趨勢，未來老人照護問題勢必會成為台灣醫療照護機構面臨的重要議題。近幾年來，台灣醫院莫不成立老人照護專科或組成跨部門的老人照護團隊來整合醫院內部老人急性照護資源，期望經由醫院內部資源整合提供更完善的急性老年醫療照護。但老人除了急性醫療照護需求外，也需要預防性的照護。這使得社區型的照護組織崛起。這些社區型的非營利組織受限於有限的資源，他們如何透過社區資源整合來照護社區老人？是本研究目的。研究採用個案研究，以訪談法訪談社區照護組織之理事長、社工與執行長等收集研究資料，並輔以網路次級資料收集。資料訪談期間自西元2015年9月1日起至2015年11月31日止。研究結果發現，社區老人照護組織的資源來源管道包含政府與民間部門；民間部門包括營利、非營利組織與個人。提供的照護資源包含經濟、財務、人力與知識資源。這些社區照護組織透過社區老人照護資源的整合，可以創造的老人照護價值，包含提升老人生理與心理健康，促進老人達到自我實現與肯定自我存在的價值。

關鍵字

社會企業；老人照護；企業倫理；社區照護；預防照護

並列摘要

Because of global management trend and changing of society, economy and population structure, the profit and non-profit organizations have to face the impact of social changing. The profit companies expect to earn consumers’ support and sustainable operation via feedback to society and take social responsibility. Non-profit organizations keep innovating although their social supports were limited. The limitations also promoted the growth of social entrepreneurship. Because of the aging trend, the elder care will be an important issue that healthcare organizations should face to. There are many elder care branch and cross-functional care teams founding to integrate resource of acute medical care to deliver well organized service for elders recently. But elders not only need acute care, but also need the prevention care. That is the reason that social care organizations founded. We try to explore how the social non-profit organizations can integrate limited resource to serve elders in these societies. We adopted the method of case study to interview presidents, CEOs and social workers of social care organizations, and collect secondary data on website. The period for interview is from Sep. 1st 2015 to Nov. 31th 2015. The finding showed the care resource of social elder care organizations were from government and private departments. The private departments are including profit, non-profit organizations and individuals, and they can provide care resource including economic, financial, human resource and knowledge. These social care organizations could create care value that can integrate social resources to improve elders' physical and mental health, and elders' self-actualization and self-affirmation.