社企教學的跨領域探勘

社會企業在本質上乃一混合的概念思惟，源自迥異的學術傳統，例如:管理科學與社會科學。儘管社企有著多樣性的發展，且不同領域在論述思潮與詞彙上皆有差異，隨著社企的日益普及，實有建構不同領域之間知識橋樑的必要。本文透過課程資料探勘，進行整體場域的資訊蒐集調查，為台灣教學現場進行分析，理解在不同的學術傳統下，社企如何被解讀討論，並以數據分析以及視覺化技術，探窺其概念論述的教學樣貌，期許有助於後續知識體系以及新的理論建構。本文以105學年度台灣各大專院校社企相關課程計畫為觀察基礎，計有84堂課跨27所大學以及21個學院，顯示出社企議題獲得跨領域科系重視的特殊趨勢。透過課程文選閱讀的資料探勘（以詞頻、詞雲、關聯分析、集群分析等文本分析工具）作者有下列發現：不同的學科領域，包括社會科學、商業管理、與其他三大領域，被選擇討論的社企關鍵概念，根據統計數據的強度，基本上相似，然而在概念論述有聚焦上的差異。根據關連以及集群分析，社會企業與社會創業概念究竟應被視為一體兩面，或是各有獨特不同意涵，在不同學科領域，具有不同的解讀。研究發現商管領域將社會企業與社會創業視為相似的意涵，然而社科領域卻將兩者視為不同的意涵。此外，就教材選擇的來源，不同領域間則有異有同。本文最後提出研究樣本限制，並提供後續可延伸發展的相關研究議題。

關鍵字

社會企業；社會創新創業；文字探勘；文本分析

並列摘要

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a hybrid concept involved disparate scholarly traditions, i.e. the management science and social science, and with SE's increasing popularity, there seems necessary for an intellectual bridge across disciplines. While diversities are encouraged and different lexicon do exist, as the field of SE grows, we do need to seek systematic exploration to come up with a common conceptual ground for a better integration. The objective of this exploratory study is to unveil the core concepts being taught at the university level among different disciplinary groups for the same subject of concerned, i.e. SE. We surveyed university courses offered during the school year of 2016, yielding 84 SE related courses. From the sample, we looked into the course syllabi, and examined over hundreds of course assigned readings, from which we conducted text analysis for all the reading articles. Our findings show that based on frequency count (also illustrated in word cloud format), the content selected by the teaching faculty across the three disciplinary groups (social science, business and management, and others) show some similar attributes, such as source and the intensity of key concepts among the reading materials. However, how these concepts being interpreted appear different particularly between social science and management science disciplines, according to word association and cluster analysis. The findings show business and management discipline treat social enterprise and social entrepreneurship as similar concepts, whereas social science group does not. We discussed the data restriction of this study and suggested several directions for further research.