大陸台商非制度化交易成本之分析

The Analysis on Non-institutional Transaction Cost of Taiwan's Enterprises in Mainland China

許源派(Yuan-Pai Hsu)

《中山人文社會科學期刊》 13卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 95-124

https://doi.org/10.6749/JSS.200506_13(1).0004

摘要

在兩岸經貿關係互動下，大陸台商企業在全球競爭體系中，一方面要提昇企業競爭力，另一方卻面臨兩岸政治情勢的不確定性，因而逐漸形成特殊的運作模式，即非制度化交易成本模式，以維護其利益不致因而流失。
本文所探討之範圍乃限於區域性，即針對在廣東省地區的文具禮品業的台商企業之個案研究分析，並探討了解該領域的台商企業之特性，籍由交易成本(transaction cost)的概念來分析，台商企業為何著重非制度化的交易模式，目的乃在降低其交易成本，至少是短期的交易成本。
而台商企業非制度化的交易成本乃相對於外資企業（台資企業）之外的交易成本，其間的差異乃根源於二者在政治制度上的差異，台商因兩岸情勢的政治、經濟不明確，而且無主權規範下的明確法律保障，形成不確定性保障下之非制度化的交易成本，相對於外資企業在國家明確主權規範下的法律保障之制度化交易成本，台商企業無疑是政治主權較勁下之次領域下所形成非制度化交易成本模式，這是為何台商較著重關係面短期效益及生產規模較小的制度面因素。近年來，在中國大陸政策改革開放的深化，以及加入世界貿易組織(WTO)的相繼變化，形成中國大陸內部對法制化之需求，同時也強化了中國大陸與世界經濟體系在制度明確規範下的接軌，這對台商企業是另一制度化的鼓舞，也使得台商企業得以深化產業領域及擴大生產規模，形成另一項從制度化交易成本移動的趨勢，不過，台商企業，特別是文具禮品業的產業仍會以非制度化交易成本為主，乃是無法在短時間改變的一項事實。

關鍵字

台商 ； 非制度化交易成本 ； 關係政治學 ； 新制度主義

並列摘要

In the economic relations across the Taiwan strait, Taiwan's Enterprises are facing global competitive pressure. They have to promote the competitiveness at the risk of the political uncertainty. To respond this challenge, all enterprises take the model of non-institutional transaction in order to protect their interest.
This article attempts to discuss the limitation of Taiwan's gift and stationery enterprises in Guangdong province of China. By this case study I analyze not the particularity transaction cost theory, but the emphasis on non-institutional transaction cost. Then, I will try to explain why Taiwan's enterprises are related to the institutional cost of foreign direct investment in China. This difference is resulted from the political and economic uncertainty so as to lack the legal protection to Taiwan's enterprises. Foreign direct investment has law protection to institutional transaction cost by the agreement between their own countries and China. Taiwan enterprises' non-institutional transaction cost is the natural outcome since the political tension across the Strait. Therefore, Taiwan's enterprises put their foci on institutional factors of Guanxi, short term benefits and smaller scale of production.
Recent years, China has widened its open policy and has become a member of WTO. It is asked to institutionalize and legalize domestic business and to connect its legal system with global economic system. This development encourages Taiwan's enterprises and stimulates more investments to China and enlarges the scale of mass production in China. There is a new trend that Taiwan's enterprises are moving from non-institutional transaction cost to institutional transaction cost. But non-institutional transaction cost is still the main way for Taiwan's enterprises, especially for the gift and stationery enterprises in the near future.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan's enterprises ； non-institutional transaction cost ； the Guanxi politics ； neo-institutionalism