《陸豐》方言的語言演變

Summary of "Language Change of Loeh-Foeng-Hakka Dialect"

呂嵩雁(Sung-Ian Lu)

《花蓮教育大學學報（綜合類）》 21期 (2005/12) Pp. 63-90

https://doi.org/10.7073/JNHUEB.200512.0063

摘要

今天台灣地區客家話主要通行兩種次方言，四縣客語和海陸客語。所謂四縣客語是指蕉嶺、平遠、五華、興寧四個客家地區通行的方言。海陸客語是指通行於廣東省海豐縣、陸豐縣地區的方言，由於兩地通行語言相差不多而合稱命名。目前在台灣地區的海陸客語保留不少語音特點，可是今天的海豐話呢？由於地處粵東閩語區，有80%居民講「海豐福佬話」，只有15%居民使用客家話，可見語言的閩化非常嚴重。筆者的母語是海陸客語，在一個偶然的機會接觸到1897年出版的《客語陸豐方言》影本，雖然以荷蘭文寫作，但是以中文紀錄的音節表、同音字表以及使用羅馬拼音紀錄的會話語料仍然可以了解九成以上，經過分析比較，《客語陸豐方言》保留部分早期語言特徵，但是也有一些有待商榷的語料。雖然如此，這本書仍然是百年前可貴的客家文獻。

關鍵字

際豐客語 ； 海陸客語 ； 濁音清化 ； 語言接觸

並列摘要

There are two secondary Hakka dialects mainly being used at areas which speak Hakka dialects in Taiwan nowadays. One is Si-Hsie Hakka dialect, which is widely spoken in 崔嶺, 平遠, 五華, and興寧. Another is Hai-Loeh Hakka dialect, commonly spoken in Hai-Feng city and Loeh-Feng city, Kuang-Tung. Hai-Loeh Hakka is named after the combination of the names of these two cities because their dialects are nearly same. Hai-Loeh Hakka in Taiwan nowadays still remains many phonetic features. How about Hai-Feng Hakka at the original place nowadays? Up to 80 percent of people speak Southern-Mm-dialect in the town while only 15 percent of them speak Hakka dialects. Southern-mm affects Hakka more and more obviously. My mother tongue is Hai-Loeh Hakka dialect. In such a chance I found the copy of ”Loeh-Feng-Hakka Dialect”, published 1897. Though it was written in Dutch I can figure out above 90 percent through the table of both syllable and homophony in Chinese and material about conversation recorded in Roman phonetic alphabet. Through analysis and comparison it is clear that ”Loeh-Feng-Hakka Dialect” has reserved several early phonetic qualities and also some language materials need to be confirmed and verified. This book is a one of valuable Hakka documents hundred years age.

並列關鍵字

Loeh-Feng-Hakka Dialect ； Hai-Loeh Hakka dialect ； Language contact