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紫姑神故事源流及其迎請方法探析

Discussion Zigu God Story Sources and greet method

摘要


農曆正月十五日元宵節,民間更祭祀「紫姑神」的奇特習俗,這是一種兼具娛樂與迷信性質的儀式活動,故本文擬從以下兩方面探討「紫姑神」的異聞傳說。一、紫姑神故事源流:歷代元宵節的習俗中,直至魏晉南北朝時代,才增添了迎紫姑的風俗,南朝宋.劉敬叔《異苑》最早記錄了這個故事。二、迎請紫姑神方法:(一)迎請日期──於正月望夕迎紫姑以卜。(二)迎請地點──祭拜活動多在茅廁間進行。(三)迎請過程──首先打扮紫姑的形象,其次須唸一段祝詞,或祀以馬糞,抑或以歌、鼓迎之,而後出現「跳躞不住」的現象,則是紫姑降臨的樣子。紫姑雖不是屬於什麼法力無邊、普渡眾生的神明,但祂對於社會傳統的延續性與民間習俗的影響力,卻是不容忽視的。

關鍵字

紫姑神 廁神 故事源流 迎請方法 元宵節

並列摘要


In the lunar calendar January 15th Lantern Festival, there are folk worship "Zigu God" strange customs, this is a ritual activity having both recreational and superstitious nature, therefore, this paper intends to discuss "Zigu God" anecdotes and legends from the following two aspects. First, "Zigu God" story of the origin and development: Lantern ancient customs until the Weijin South era, only adds to greet "Zigu" customs. Nan Dynasty in the Song Dynasty Liu Jingshu "yi-yuan" first recorded this story. Second, greet "Zigu God" approach: 1. Greet date - in the evening of January 15th to greet "Zigu" divination. 2. Greet location - worship activities are mostly carried out in the toilet. 3. greet process - first dress "Zigu" image, secondly shall read a passage message, or worship with horse manure, or singing, drumming greet her, then appears "constantly jumping" phenomenon, it is a case of "Zigu" coming. "Zigu" Although it is not part of what the almighty, benevolent gods, her influence and continuity in social traditions and folk customs, but it can not be ignored.

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