本文從共時的角度,分析臺灣海陸客家話連接詞「過了」(ko^3 liau^2)詞彙化及語法化的演變歷程,並透過次方言比較,探討四縣客家話連接詞「過吔」(ko^3 e5)的來源。「過了」在語法功能方面,打破了詞與詞之間的界限,由一個動補詞組複合成一個動詞,再降類為介詞及連接詞。詞彙化後,語義上從表示空間轉移,進而用於時間的轉移,還可以用來連結兩個小句或更大的結構;此間「過了」經歷了從表示事物的空間順序演變為時間順序,進而表示邏輯順序的過程。四縣客家話連接詞「過吔」與海陸客家話經歷了相同的演變路徑,但與海陸客家話不同的是,「過吔」在語法化的過程中,除了語義的漂白,還伴隨了語音的弱化(phonological reduction),而海陸客家話則保持原來的念法。
From the synchronic perspective, this paper investigates the lexicalization and grammaticalization of the conjunction "過了(ko3 liau2)" in Hailu Hakka dialect, and the original character of "過吔 (ko3 e5) " in Sixian Hakka dialect by the comparison with Hailu. The first syntactic change of " 過了" is the compounding of a verb-complement phrase into a verb, and the second is its decategorialization from a verb to a preposition, and then to a conjunction. lexicalization, "過了" is semantically evolved from spatial to temporal meaning, and referred to logical or sequential order. The conjunction "過吔' in Sixian goes through the same evolutionary path mentioned above, but a further change happened in the pronunciation of Sixian, i.e. the phonological reduction resulted from semantic bleaching; in contrast, "過了" in Hailu keeps its original pronunciation.