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從次方言比較看客家話「過了」的詞彙化與語法化歷程

The Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Conjunction 「過了」(ko^3 liau^2) in Taiwanese Hakka: A Comparative Study of Hakka dialects

摘要


本文從共時的角度,分析臺灣海陸客家話連接詞「過了」(ko^3 liau^2)詞彙化及語法化的演變歷程,並透過次方言比較,探討四縣客家話連接詞「過吔」(ko^3 e5)的來源。「過了」在語法功能方面,打破了詞與詞之間的界限,由一個動補詞組複合成一個動詞,再降類為介詞及連接詞。詞彙化後,語義上從表示空間轉移,進而用於時間的轉移,還可以用來連結兩個小句或更大的結構;此間「過了」經歷了從表示事物的空間順序演變為時間順序,進而表示邏輯順序的過程。四縣客家話連接詞「過吔」與海陸客家話經歷了相同的演變路徑,但與海陸客家話不同的是,「過吔」在語法化的過程中,除了語義的漂白,還伴隨了語音的弱化(phonological reduction),而海陸客家話則保持原來的念法。

關鍵字

海陸 客家話 過了 詞彙化 語法化

並列摘要


From the synchronic perspective, this paper investigates the lexicalization and grammaticalization of the conjunction "過了(ko3 liau2)" in Hailu Hakka dialect, and the original character of "過吔 (ko3 e5) " in Sixian Hakka dialect by the comparison with Hailu. The first syntactic change of " 過了" is the compounding of a verb-complement phrase into a verb, and the second is its decategorialization from a verb to a preposition, and then to a conjunction. lexicalization, "過了" is semantically evolved from spatial to temporal meaning, and referred to logical or sequential order. The conjunction "過吔' in Sixian goes through the same evolutionary path mentioned above, but a further change happened in the pronunciation of Sixian, i.e. the phonological reduction resulted from semantic bleaching; in contrast, "過了" in Hailu keeps its original pronunciation.

並列關鍵字

Hailu Hakka ko^3 liau^2 lexicalization grammaticalization

參考文獻


Brinton, Laurel J., and Elizabeth Closs Traugott (2005).Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
教育部《臺灣客家語常用詞辭典》線上版,網址為http://hakka.dict.edu.tw/hakkadict/first.jsp
古國順等編(2007),《客家語言能力認證基本詞彙—初級》,台北:客家委員會。
古國順等編(2008),《客語能力認證基本詞彙(中級、中高級)暨語料選粹》,台北:客家委員會。
石毓智(2001),《漢語語法化的歷程—型態句法發展的動因與機制》,北京:北京大學出版社。

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