本研究旨在從共時觀點,比較台灣華語(台華)、台灣閩語(台語)、中國普通話(普通話)之間「過」的詞類變化。而為了清楚區辨「過」的詞類,需採用篇章語法加以分析,因此,語料來源取自三種語言的長、短篇故事。分析結果:就三種語言「過」的詞類部分,在台華、台語皆以動詞所占比例最高(48.8%、79.1%),普通話則以時態標記比例最高(39.8%)。由於「過」的原始義為動詞,時態標記的用法則為從實詞虛化為虛詞的用法,就共時觀點而言,普通話「過」字用法的虛化速度高於台語、台華;其次,時態標記「過」的句法位置在普通話是「V+過+O」,而台華、台語出現「V+O+過」的例子,是存古用法。因此,從語言接觸的角度觀之,我們發現台華「過」所使用的詞類,因受台語接觸的影響,而出現了異於普通話的用法。
This study aims to compare the differences in the parts of speech of 'guo (過)' among Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan (Taihua), Taiwanese, and Mandarin Chinese in China (Putonghu) from a synchronic perspective. In order to clearly distinguish the parts of speech of "guo (過)" , the text grammar is adopted; and the corpora include some long and short stories of the three languages. The results shows, in the parts of speech, verbal "guo" has the highest percentage in both Taihua and Taiwanese (48.8%, 79.1%), while in Putonghua, the aspect marker is the most common (39.8%) , followed by verbs (29.2%). Based on the observations, the grammaticalization process of 'guo' in Putonghua's is faster than Taiwanese and Taihua. And the syntactic position of aspect marker "guo" is "V+ guo (過)+ O" in Putonghua, but "V+ O + guo (過)"in Taihua and Taiwanese, which is a conservative usage. Therefore, we found that because of language contact, the uses of "guo" in Taihua displays some differences with Putonghua.