A Study of the Development of Yongjia Xuanjue's Biographies: With a Focus on Their Relationship to the Concept of School (zong 宗) in Chinese Buddhism

本論文以永嘉玄覺（665-713）之多種傳記為資料分析之基礎，而永嘉玄覺自從在《祖堂集》和《景德傳燈錄》中被列為六祖慧能（638-713）的法嗣之後，玄覺被後世認為是禪宗禪師似乎是既定的事實。但是，南宋《佛祖統紀》亦列玄覺為唐代天台宗弟子。這些玄覺傳記分歧的內容，具體呈現了漢傳佛教從唐代至宋代宗派思想的演變情況。筆者將永嘉玄覺的傳記依成書的時間順序，重新加以考辨玄覺於各文獻中的定位和意義，本文之主要目的，實不在於爭議玄覺之宗派傳承為禪宗或天台宗，而是在於顯示現代學者若能更清楚各文獻成書立場的話，就能跨越宗派界限，以更寬闊的視野，探討玄覺多樣傳記資料的意義，進而啟發我們要運用和研究過去漢傳佛教史傳資料時，需要注意的一些考量點。

關鍵字

永嘉玄覺；《證道歌》；禪宗；天台；《佛祖統紀》

並列摘要

In the Chan tradition, Yongjia Xuanjue 永嘉玄覺 (665-713) is well-known as a disciple of the Sixth Patriarch Huineng 慧能 (638-713). Also, authorship of the famous Chan work, Song of Enlightenment (Zhengdao ge 證道歌) is attributed to him. However, Zhipan 志磐 (d.u., Song dynasty), a historian of the Tiantai 天台 school, claims that Xuanjue is a disciple of the Tiantai school. The attribution of Song of Enlightenment to Xuanjue has also been critically questioned by Tiantai monks and modern scholars. The controversy of Xuanjue's sectarian identity is related to the divergent accounts contained in Xuanjue's biographies dating from the Tang to the Song dynasties. As it will be shown in this article, Xuanjue's biographies compiled in different time periods also reflect the development of the concept of ＂school＂ (zong 宗) in Chinese Buddhist history. By examining Xuanjue's biographies chronologically, the author does not try to argue which biographies are more accurate or determine Xuanjue's proper sectarian identity. Rather, it is more important to understand the historical meanings behind the discrepancies of these biographical materials.