- 期刊
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NC木工機械之切削與熱燙壓花複合加工技術之研究
Combination Processing of NC Router Machining and Embossing of Wood
摘要
國內家具業爲美化製品，降低成本，頗多採用熱燙壓花之加工技術，在材面產生浮凸雕花模樣，不須熟練技術，且能快速作業，故廣被應用，然因材質關係，壓花不能太深，否則木理會產生撕裂，故壓花立體效果有限；另一方面，NC機械之雕刻，切削深度不受限制，只須軟體設計，同樣不須熟練技術，對技術與勞力密集的家具業亦有莫大助益，然因木材具有木理走向，加工時難免發生切削缺點，須賴砂光作業加以修飾，又因雕刻刀具具有一定回轉半徑，故難作細膩及尖銳之雕花加工。若能利用NC切削及熱燙壓花之複合加工技術，則可達相輔相成之目的，提高生產效率，降低成本，並增加製品之附加價值。本計畫以鐵杉、橡膠木及MDF爲試材，除進行溝槽切削試驗，探討纖維方向對切削面之影響外，並以三角雕刻刀作不同木理方向之V型溝槽加工，然後以模具作不同溫度之熱燙壓花，探討NC切削及熱燙壓花複合加工之效果。本試驗所獲致之重要結果如下： 一、以CNC木工機械作溝槽加工時，切削缺點有隨送材速度之增加而顯著增多之趨勢。 二、順木理切削時之撕裂木理發生程度遠較逆木理切削時爲輕微。 三、順木理切削時之切削面粗糙度遠較逆木理切削者爲小。 四、熱燙壓花之效果顯著。 五、NC切削與熱燙壓花相互配合可提高製品品質，免除砂光修飾作業，降低生產成本。
並列摘要
NC woodworking machinery is highly automatic and effective equipment which is suitable for producting many items of small quantity. NC routers are mainly used for wooden articles with complicated shapes which require high machining accuracy. However, the machinability of wood depends on its grain direction with respect to the feeding direction, and the occurrence of machining defects is unavaidable for certain cutting conditions. Besides, router bits have certain diameters, and delicate or sharp corner cutting is impossible. These problems may be overcome with NC machining in combination with emboss pressing. In this way, the work required to sand an article after carving operations can be eliminated, while improvements in machining quality and lower costs of the product can be expected. In the test, materials of hemlock, rubber wood, and MDF were used for router bit grooving and V-cutting. Effects of grain angle on grooving quality, and emboss pressing on improvement of V-cut surfaces are discussed. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The defects generated at the grooves became more serious as the feeding speed increased. 2. Torn grain occurred more often with against-grain cutting than with along-grain cutting. 3. The roughness of machined surfaces with along-grain cutting was smaller than with against-grain cutting. 4. The merits of the use of the emboss press for V-cutting were very apparent. 5. The combination of NC machining and emboss pressing can enhance the quality of products, eliminate the finish sanding of carved works, and reduce production costs.