牛樟天然林組成與結構之調查

Survey on the Composition and Structure of Natural Cinnamomum Kanehirae Forests

黃松根(Son-Gen Huang) ； 何坤益(Kuen-Yih Ho) ； 吳國伍(Kuo-Woo Wu) ； 沈勇強(Yeong-Chium Sen) ； 劉文玉(Wen-Yu Lieu)

《台灣林業科學》 11卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. 349-360

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199612.0349

摘要

牛樟為本省特產之珍貴樹種，過去因大量伐採，致使天然林中之現存數量相當有限，為暸解其族群之更新與生育地特性，以便進行本樹種之保育工作。選擇觀霧、小關山、太麻里及富里等地設置樣區，以系統取樣方法，調查牛樟天然林植群組成與其族群構造，進而分析其植群社會關係及自然散佈型態。
經分析上述四處樣區，植群相似性指數高達50~35%，顯示其組成甚為相似。牛樟於天然林中居於冠層優勢地位，族群呈現集落分佈，平均每公頃約0.88~1.55株，伴生之主要木本樹種在43~57種間。
牛樟屬長生命期的樹種，由於結實量稀少，天然下種甚為困難，所幸其老齡枯死之根株，尚具萌蘗再生之能力(87.5%)，且萌蘗幼苗頗具耐蔭性，故尚能藉萌蘗更新方法延續下一代。但在另一方面部分枯死之立木並無新生萌蘗(12.5%)發生，且新生萌蘗在彼此擠壓競爭之下並不容易發育成株；若外力干擾仍持續不斷增加，對其族群未來之存續可能有重大之威脅。

關鍵字

牛樟 ； 族群構造 ； 歧異度 ； 植群相似性 ； 林分指數 ； 族群屬性

並列摘要

Cinnamomum kanehirae, a valuable timber species, is endemic to Taiwan and has become rare due to overcutting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the population regeneration and the characteristics of this species's habitat, so that this knowledge may facilitate the job of gene conservation Experimental forest at Kuanwu, Shawguanshan, Tamali and Fuli, where there are scattered individual C. kanehirae trees, were selected for investigation of the tree component, population structure and the distribution pattern of this species.
The plant communities of the above 4 survey areas were similar. It was found that populations of C. kanehirae were usually contagious distribution; and the tall trunks and broad crowns dominating over other tree species. In the survey area of a total of 69.8ha, 84 individuals of C. kanehirae were recorded; among them 16 individuals (19%) were snags, and 14 snags were reprouting. Associated trees in the habitats were estimated to number 43 to 57 species.
The study showed that C. kanehirae had a high root-sprouting ability of 87.5%; and its seedlings and sproutings were shade-tolerant. C. kanehirae had the ability to generate in the habitat without human interference.

並列關鍵字

Cinnamomum kanehirae ； stem-diameter structure ； diversity ； plantation index ； population attributes