牛樟不同營養系生長與容積密度變異之研究

本報告在探討牛樟不同營養系生長性狀與容積密度，做為牛樟不同目的之造林選育之依據。選擇2002年栽植於台東縣太麻里第一林區115個牛樟營養系造林地，2010年篩選成活3個區集以上之營養系，調查胸徑1 cm以上，樹高2 m以上，共102個營養系之生長形質評估。容積密度則篩選胸徑8 cm以上，進行生長錐取樣分析，共有49營養系，179單株。研究發現牛樟不同營養系之成活率、胸徑、樹高、分叉率，具有極顯著之區集效應，而容積密度則無，不同營養系間容積密度及胸徑之差異極顯著，成活率及分叉率則差異不明顯，顯示此5種性狀受到遺傳因子及生育地因子不同程度之支配。另單株胸徑生長和容積密度大小並不具顯著相關性；若將個別營養系平均，胸徑和容積密度亦無明顯關係，顯示生長速度快者，容積密度並不一定較小。本研究將不同營養系生長性狀及容積密度表現之優劣區分5級。綜合評估，牛樟營養系34、78、101有4個性狀最優，營養系11、58、111、116、136、137、140、161、167、169等有3個性狀最優，可做為綜合性狀選育之參據。

關鍵字

牛樟；營養系；生長性狀；容積密度

並列摘要

A test plantation, established in 2002 at Taimalee, Taitung, contained 115 clones of stout camphor (Cinnamomum kanehirae) which were selected to evaluate their growth traits and bulk density variations among the clones. We culled the clones with surviving rates of ＞ 3 blocks and having DBH and height of trees averaging more than 1 cm and 2 m, respectively, in 2010. A total of 102 clones reached the criteria. Additionally, core samples were taken with a 5.15 mm caliber growth increment borer to evaluate the bulk density for a total of 179 sample trees from 49 clones with a DBH ＞ 8 cm. The results indicated that the survival rates, DBH, tree height, and stem forking rates were significantly different among the blocks, but not the bulk density. In addition, there were significant differences among clones in bulk density and DBH, but not survival rates and stem forking rates. The results suggested that the five properties of the clones we examined were controlled by different genetic and environmental factors. No significant correlations were found either between DBH and bulk density of any single tree, or between DBH and bulk density of any clones. These revealed that the faster growing trees do not necessarily have lower bulk densities. We then classified the growth traits and bulk density into 5 classes according to the performances of individual clones, grade 1 being the best and grade 5 the worst. Clones 34, 78, 101 each have 4 properties that are the best, and clones 11, 58, 111, 116, 137, 140, 161, 167, 169 each have 3 best properties. These data could be useful guide for general breeding of stout camphor trees.

並列關鍵字

stout camphor ； clone ； growth traits ； bulk density

國際替代計量

牛樟不同營養系生長與容積密度變異之研究

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