台灣東部國有林集水區水文特性之研究

Studies of Hydrological Characteristics of the Watersheds in National Forest in Eastern Taiwan

黃瓊（王彪）(Chiung-Piau Huang) ； 陸象豫(Shiang-Yue Lu) ； 林壯沛(Jaung-Pei Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 13卷3期 (1998/09) Pp. 199-207

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199809.0199

摘要

台灣東部國有林在本研究中廣義地解釋為：東部宜蘭、花蓮、台東三縣，林況及地況維護良好之國有林班地，係主要水資源涵蘊的地區。為進一步瞭解其水文特性及擬訂未來保育方向，選定多望溪（宜蘭）、砂婆檔溪（花蓮）、加拿溪（台東）等三處集水區，設置雨量站及流量站。經多年資料蒐集，過濾有用數據，確定完整可用期間，繪出水文歷線，利用Bethalhmy氏之變動斜率法，分離基流(baseflow)及直接逕流(direct runoff)，得到資料分析期間各集水區的逕流係數(C)及基流量佔總降雨量的比率分別為：多望溪52.01%和33.96%；砂婆檔溪57.29%和28.24%；加拿溪36.67%和17.68%。此外，並應用合理化公式求出其可能最大洪峰流量，其中集流時間(tc)之計算採用農委會「水土保持技術規範」中所列之公式，而最大機率雨量計算採對數皮爾遜第三型分佈。相關的研究成果，可供作構造物設計及其他使用目的上之參據。

關鍵字

水文歷線 ； 基流 ； 可能最大雨量 ； 合理化公式

並列摘要

The national forests in eastern Taiwan are much less disturbed by human activities and forest operations compared to the situation occurring in western Taiwan, therefore it is a good region for water resources protection. The hydrological characteristics of 3 watersheds, namely Dowan Creek, Sobodam Creek, and Cana Creek, were mainly analyzed from precipitation and runoff data. Based on Bethalhmy's variable slope method for separating direct runoff and baseflow, the values of total runoff coefficient (C) and baseflow ratio of 3 watersheds are: 52.01% and 33.96% for Dowan Creek, 57.29% and 28.24% for Sabodam creek, and 36.67% and 17.68% for Cana Creek, respectively. In addition, different probable maximum peakflows were also estimated by applying the rational formula accompanying the Log-Pearson type Ⅲ distribution and time of concentration (tc) developed by the Council of Agriculture to offer some useful information for designing water control structures and other purposes.

並列關鍵字

Hydrograph ； baseflow ； probable maximum precipitation ； rational formula