扇平自然教育區遊憩效益之經濟評估

Economic Evaluation of Recreation Benefits at the Shanping Natural Education Area

汪大雄(Dar-Hsiung Wang) ； 王培蓉(Pei-Jung Wang) ； 林振榮(Cheng-Jung Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 14卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 457-468

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199912.0457

摘要

在非市場評估法中，條件評估法是近年來廣被應用評估非市場價值（如環境資源，遊憩效益等）之評估方法。條件評估二分選擇法在應用上雖較其他型式之條件評估法簡捷有效，但問卷設計者首先要面對應如何出價之問題。一完整之出價選擇決策應包含問卷訪問之總樣本量，出價的個數，出價之價格和每一出價下應進行訪問的次樣本數量之決定。本研究使用均方差統計量做為決定最適出價設計之決策準則，配合先驅開放式調查資料，從事最適出價個數之模擬分析，並依照Cooper氏提出之出價價格機率增量相等之概念，設計出最適出價價格和每一出價價格下受訪之最適樣本數。以扇平自然教育區訪客爲對象，按上述所得之最佳出價選擇規格，設計二分選擇法封閉問卷進行現場訪查。模擬結果顯示均方差會隨著出價個數之增加呈遞減狀態直到最小狀態後，隨出價個數之增加呈上昇之趨勢。此趨勢顯示出價個數過少或過多都不是良好選擇。本研究採取的最適出價個數為24。此外，Censored logit model顯示扇平自然教育區每位訪遊者平均願意支付之金額為212元。以1997年7月至1998年6月高雄縣六龜鄉六龜分局檢查哨登記之遊客計19、214人次而言，該會計年度扇平自然教育區產生之遊憩效益約為4,073,368元。

關鍵字

遊憩效益 ； 條件評估法 ； 非市場價值評估 ； 最適出價選擇

並列摘要

Recently, the contingent valuation method (CVM), among non-market evaluation techniques, has been widely used to evaluate the value of non-market goods and services (e.g., environmental resources, recreational benefit, etc.) around the world. While the use of the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method is more efficient than other types of contingent valuation methods in practice, bid selection issues in survey design for dichotomous choice in CVM should be actively addressed theoretically. An optimal bid selection decision includes total sample size, an optimal vector of bid amounts, and the optimal allocation of total sample size among these bid amounts. This paper, based on the concept of bid setting at equal probability increments proposed by Cooper, developed a model for the optimal bid selection design which was then used to design a close-ended dichotomous choice CVM questionnaire for evaluating the recreational benefits of the Shanping Natural Education Area. Mean square error resulting from the simulation indicates that bid selection with either extreme low or high bid amounts is not a good decision; therefore, 24 bid amounts is decided in this paper. Moreover, the censored logit model shows that the average of willingness to pay (WTP) of visitors is NT$ 121. For the period from July 1997 to June 1998, there were 19,214 visits, and the use value of recreational benefit at the Shanping Natural Education Area in this period is estimated at about NT$ 4,073,368.

並列關鍵字

non-market evaluation technique ； contingent valuation method ； optimal bid selection design