Antifungal Activities and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils from Leaves of Four Eucalypts

四種桉樹葉精油組成分及抗真菌活性之測定

蘇裕昌(Yu-Chang Su) ； 何振隆(Chen-Lung Ho) ； 王益真(Eugene I-Chen Wang) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tsen Chang)

《台灣林業科學》 21卷1期 (2006/03) Pp. 49-61

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200603.0049

摘要

本研究以四種不同種類之桉樹葉片，即垂尾桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)、玫瑰桉(E. grandis)、赤桉(E. camaldulensis)及檸檬桉(E. citriodora)等，以傳統水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取桉樹葉精油，並分離精油組成成分及進一步評估抗真菌活性。精油收率依序為赤桉(3.48 mL 100g^(-1))、垂尾桉(3.14 mL 100g^(-1))、玫瑰桉(3.01 mL 100g^(-1))及檸檬桉(1.89 mL 100g^(-1))。各精油的成分化合物鑑定，垂尾桉葉精油共鑑定51個化合物，最主要主成分為γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)。玫瑰桉葉精油共鑑定65個化合物，最主要主成分為桉葉精(1, 8-cineole)。赤桉葉精油共鑑定62個化合物，主要主成分為桉葉精。檸檬桉葉精油共鑑定35個化合物，最主要成分為香茅醛(citrionellal)。抗真菌試驗結果顯示四種桉樹葉精油中，以檸檬桉抗黴菌效果為最佳，且對各試驗黴菌廣泛有效，而以垂尾桉抗黴菌效果最差。抗腐朽菌試驗結果亦顯示檸檬桉精油之抗腐朽菌活性最高，可做為極佳之抗木材腐朽劑。主要原因為檸檬桉葉精油主成分香茅醛與香茅醇(citronellol)等二化合物，此二化合物對於抗黴菌及抗腐朽菌活性有明顯的助益。

關鍵字

垂尾桉 ； 玫瑰桉 ； 赤桉 ； 檸檬桉 ； 精油 ； 抗真菌試驗

並列摘要

Essential oils from the leaves of 4 eucalypts species, i.e., Eucalyptus urophylla, E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, and E. citriodora, were extracted by hydrodistillation. Compositions of the essential oils were analyzed and identified. Their biological activities with respect to antifungal activity were examined. Yields of the essential oils in descending order were E. camaldulensis (3.48 mL 100 gm^(-1)), E. urophylla (3.14 mL 100 gm^(-1)), E. grandis (3.01 mL 100 gm^(-1)), and E. citriodora (1.89 mL 100 g^(-1)). Components of individual essential oils identified that 51 compounds were present in E. urophylla, with γ-terpinene predominant: E. grandis had 65 identified compounds with 1, 8-cineole being the richest fraction; there were 62 compounds identified from the essential oil of E. camaldulensis with 1, 8-cineole as the main component; and for E. citriodora, 35 compounds were identified with citrionellal as the dominant components. Anti-mildew tests of the 4 eucalypt essential oils indicated that E. citriodora had the best efficacy, and was extensively effective against all tested mildew species. E. urophylla, on the other hand, had the poorest efficacy. On the wood decay fungus tests, the same was observed for E. citriodora essential oil, and this indicated that it might be an excellent choice as a wood preservative. The main reason for its effectiveness was the presence of citronellal and citronellal which had obvious benefits in fighting mildew and fungi.

並列關鍵字

Eucalyptus urophylla ； E. grandis ； E. camaldulensis ； E. citriodora ； essential oil ； antifungal activity