Microhabitat Partitioning of Frugivorous Birds: Exploration by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis

資源區隔為生態同功群物種之間區位分化的一種重要機制。本研究利用multiple correspondence analysis（MCA）探討福山試驗林內3種常見食果性鳥類（五色鳥Megalaima nuchalis、紅嘴黑鵯Hypsipetes leucocephalus及繡眼畫眉Alcippe morrisonia）在棲地利用上的差異。從1997年6月到1998年5月，每月定期至福山從事攝食生態觀察，記錄鳥種、取食果實類別及利用森林植層等資料。MCA分析顯示五色鳥及紅嘴黑鵯主要在樹冠層取食核果，而繡眼畫眉則較常出現在底層利用其他類別的果實。MCA可更進一步區分出紅嘴黑鵯與五色鳥在果實類別及植層使用上的細微差異，顯示紅嘴黑鵯比五色鳥較常出現在亞冠層取食漿果。本研究結果支持五色鳥、紅嘴黑鵯及繡眼畫眉三者透過對果實類別及植層利用的差異，達成資源區隔的現象。我們建議用MCA來發掘野生動物研究中有關行為及棲地利用等類別資料間的細微關係。

關鍵字

紅嘴黑鵯；果實類別；繡眼畫眉；五色鳥；森林植層

並列摘要

Resource partitioning is one of the important strategies of niche differentiation for species that utilize similar resources, especially within a guild. We used a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to explore relationships in habitat use by 3 commonly seen fruit-eating birds (Taiwan Barbet ”Megalaima nuchalis”, Black Bulbul ”Hypsipetes leucocephalus”, and Grey-cheeked Fulvetta ”Alcippe morrisonia) at the Fushan Experimental Forest in northeastern Taiwan. From June 1997 to May 1998, the fruit type and vegetation level usage of these 3 bird species were recorded monthly. An MCA bi-plot graphically illustrated that the Taiwan Barbet and Black Bulbul mainly took drupes in the canopy, whereas the Grey-cheeked Fulvetta largely consumed fruit other than drupes and berries in the understory. In particular, the MCA could distinguish subtle differences between the former 2 frugivores. The bi-plot showed that the Black Bulbul used berries in the subcanopy more frequently than the Taiwan Barbet. These results support differentiated use of microhabitat by these 3 bird species. We recommend application of the MCA for its capability to clearly illustrate subtle associations among categorical variables in behavioral and habitat studies of wildlife.

並列關鍵字

Black Bulbul ； fruit type ； Grey-cheeked Fulvetta ； Taiwan Barbet ； vegetation level

國際替代計量

Microhabitat Partitioning of Frugivorous Birds: Exploration by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis

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