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桉樹枝癭釉小蜂對台灣桉屬植物之造癭偏好性
Susceptibility Tests of Various ＂Eucalyptus＂ Host Species to ＂Leptocybe invasa＂ in Taiwan
摘要
桃金孃科（Myrtaceae）桉屬（＂Eucalyptus＂）植物，因其生長快速之特性和高經濟價值，在世界各地皆有廣泛造林。桉樹枝癭釉小蜂（＂Leptocybe invasa＂ Fisher & La Salle），源起於澳洲，屬膜翅目小蜂總科（Hymenoptera: Eulophidae），是一種危害桉樹植物的植食性造癭蜂，於2000年於以色列造林地首次發現。主要危害桉樹的幼嫩枝條、葉柄及葉脈，嚴重感染時會影響植株的生長甚至死亡。而在不同植物寄主上造癭數量、密度、蟲總數和植物受損情形有所差異，本研究檢視台灣所種植14種桉樹，發現其中山藍桉、赤桉、檸檬桉、白桉、玫瑰桉、斑桉、小果灰桉、大葉桉、雪梨藍桉、細葉桉等10種桉樹會受到桉樹枝癭釉小蜂不同程度的感染，而又以赤桉、玫瑰桉與雪梨藍桉造成的感染最為嚴重。又由於桉樹本身具有不同程度之抗性，本研究對於7個具造林潛力的桉屬植物雜交株進行感性試驗（susceptibility tests），並以最小顯著差異測驗法（Fisher's Least Significant Difference, LSD）進行差異性測驗，檢測不同品系間平均感染率的差異。結果發現感染率高的品系多為玫瑰桉或赤桉的雜交品種，而感染率低的品系皆為GUT5品系及L151品系雜交後裔，此一研究結果有助於桉樹種植時的選擇，以降低此一外來入侵種造成的經濟損害與影響。
並列摘要
＂Eucalyptus＂ trees are the collective name of the genus ＂Eucalyptus＂ which is in the family Myrtaceae. These are globally well-known species with fast-growing characteristics and economic value. ＂Leptocybe invasa＂ Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), the gall wasp of ＂Eucalyptus＂ trees, originated in Australia. In 2000, the gall wasp was discovered in Israel. It causes damage to young ＂Eucalyptus＂ branches, petioles and veins. It can affect the growth of plants and cause serious infections and even death. The gall quantity, density, and plants damaged varied among various host species. In this study, we found that 10 ＂Eucalyptus＂ species were affected by L. invasa, but with different extents of infection: ＂E. amplifolia, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. dunii, E. grandis, E. maculata, E. propinqua, E. robusta, E. saligna＂, and ＂E. tereticornis＂. Among them, ＂E. camaldulensis, E. grandis＂, and ＂E. saligna＂ were the 3 most vulnerable ones. Because of variable degrees of resistance of these species of ＂Eucalyptus＂, we carried out susceptibility tests on 7 different known strains of ＂Eucalyptus＂ using Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test. We found that most of hybrid strains from ＂E. grandis＂ and ＂E. camaldulensis＂ had higher infection rates by ＂L. invasa＂ than did the other strains. On the contrary, hybrids from strains GUT5 and L151 had lower infection rates. The results can help us choose suitable strains to protect against ＂L. invasa＂.