Production and Properties of Bio-oils from the Fast Pyrolysis of Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and Green Bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) in Taiwan

臺灣麻竹與綠竹經快速熱解生質油之特性研究

林裕仁(Yu-Jen Lin) ； 何振隆(Chen-Lung Ho) ； 吳森榮(Seng-Rung Wu)

《台灣林業科學》 33卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 31-48

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201803_33(1).0003

摘要

Bamboo is viewed as a potential feedstock for the future global energy supply due to the existence of many significantly fast-growing and abundant species. In this study, ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and green bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) were used as feedstock to produce pyrolysis liquid (bio-oil) using a fast pyrolysis technology at a pyrolytic temperature of 460℃, and the basic properties of the bio-oils were analyzed. Results were compared to those of a previous study, which applied the same procedure to produce bio-oils from thorny bamboo (B. stenostachya) and long-branch bamboo (B. dolichoclada Hayat). Therefore, this study presents an integrated characterization of bio-oils from the 4 bamboo species. Results showed that higher heating values (HHVs) of bio-oils were 5.65 MJ kg^(-1) for ma bamboo at a moisture content of 44.2% and 9.39 MJ kg^(-1) for green bamboo at a moisture content of 43.4%. Both HHVs were relatively lower than those of thorny bamboo and long-branch bamboo for use as a bioenergy source. Analytical results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the main compounds of bio-oils from both ma bamboo and green bamboo consisted of similar proportions to those from thorny bamboo, including a good distribution of phenols, carboxylic acids, and ketones. Only the bio-oil of long-branch bamboo contained a significant proportion of such compounds, the major one of which was phenols with a large proportion of ＞ 50%. Generally, these 4 bamboo bio-oils can be utilized as fuels. The refining technology must be further researched; however, they would be great potential materials instead of fossil fuel resources to provide various chemical compounds. In particular, the bio-oil of long-branch bamboo has the greatest potential.

關鍵字

biomass ； bio-oil ； fast pyrolysis ； ma bamboo ； green bamboo

並列摘要

由於竹生長快速且種類豐富， 被視為全球未來供應能源的潛在來源。本研究以麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)及綠竹(Bambusa oldhamii)作為原料，應用快速熱裂解技術並設定熱裂解溫度在460℃，將所產生的熱裂解液(生質油)進行基本性質分析。分析的結果與前人採用相同研究方法所產生的莿竹(B. stenostachya) 生質油和長枝竹(B. dolichoclada Hayat)生質油相比較。因此，本研究整合四種竹類生質油之特性。研究結果顯示，含水量44.2%的麻竹其生質油高熱值(HHVs)為5.65 MJ kg^(-1)，含水量43.4%的綠竹其生質油高熱值為9.39 MJ kg^(-1)。作為生質能源兩者高熱值相對於刺竹及長枝竹略顯偏低。其結果再透過氣相層析質譜分析儀(GC-MS)分析，資料顯示麻竹及綠竹生質油的主要成分與刺竹類似，具有良好的酚類、羧酸類與酮類分佈。只有長枝竹的生質油具豐富的化學成分，其中以酚類超過50%佔最大比例。整體而言，此四種竹類之生質油若欲作為生質能源替代油品，後續勢須透過精煉技術進一步提昇其熱值，然而此四種竹類之生質油均具有替代化石燃料提煉不同化學化合物之高潛力，尤以長枝竹生質油最有潛力。

並列關鍵字

生質能 ； 生質油 ； 快速熱裂解 ； 麻竹 ； 綠竹