臺灣製材業原料選擇與產業面臨困境調查分析

Analysis of Material Choices of Taiwan's Lumber Industry and the Predicaments It Faces

林俊成(Jiunn-Cheng Lin) ； 林柏亨(Po-Heng Lin) ； 陳溢宏(Yi-Hong Chen) ； 詹為巽(Wei-Hsun Chan)

《台灣林業科學》 33卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 63-76

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201803_33(1).0005

摘要

臺灣近20年來因限制林木伐採使國產木材供應來源及數量皆不足，國內相關林產業廠商為能持續穩定生產只能利用進口原料，而目前政府為有效運用國內林地及林木資源、提升國內木材自給率，首要需掌握之資訊之一即為原木伐採後第一線處理之製材廠。調查結果顯示臺灣地區目前製材業工廠大多數為員工人數10人以下、木工設備5台以下之中小型工廠，且僅約三成之工廠有使用國產材進行生產，而各工廠於選擇原料時首重「供應來源穩定」、「價格合理公道」、「供應數量充分」、「符合本身生產的原料需求」及「木材或木製品品質優良」等因素，同時當前製材產業面臨之困境以「缺乏青年投入，產業傳承中斷」、「削價競爭激烈，利潤微薄」及「國內建築業景氣下跌」等最為嚴重，並希望政府能提供有關「開辦產業相關人才教育訓練課程」、「推廣木竹製品的使用」、「提高國產木竹材的品質與數量」及「將木竹製品納入政府綠色採購項目」等輔導協助，因此如何有效提升整體產業發展性及未來性以吸引更多青年投入，將是使林產業能永續發展之重要課題。

關鍵字

製材業 ； 國產材 ； 木材自給率 ； 供應來源選擇準則

並列摘要

For the past 20 years, logging restrictions in Taiwan have resulted in insufficient domestic timber sources and quantities. Accordingly, the only way that local manufacturers' stable operations can be ensured is with imported raw materials. To address this issue, the government will have to effectively draw upon domestic woodlands and timber sources to promote the domestic timber self-sufficiency rate. Hence, it is paramount to obtain information about one of the key factors, sawmills, the forefront of processing harvested wood. Results of this survey indicated that sawmills in Taiwan are predominantly small. And medium-scaled businesses equipped with fewer than 5 woodworking machines and less than 10 employees each. However, only 30% of them use domestic timber for production. Important supplier selection criteria for raw wood materials involve ＂stability of supplies＂, ＂reasonable prices＂, ＂sufficient quantities of supply＂, ＂meeting one's own production demand for raw materials＂, and ＂quality of wood or wood products＂. Meanwhile, regarding the predicaments faced by the lumber industry, the severity of the following problems is considered a priority: ＂lack of the involvement of youth to which the business can be passed down＂, ＂reduced profit margins from price wars＂, and ＂downturn in the domestic construction industry＂. It is hoped that the government can provide assistance such as ＂launching an industry-driven talent training program＂, ＂encouraging more-widespread usage of wood/bamboo merchandise＂, ＂promoting both the quality and quantity of domestic bamboo materials＂ and ＂making wood/bamboo products eligible items of the government's green procurement＂. Therefore, the sustainability of the wood industry relies heavily on promoting its development as a whole with prospects for making this industry an attractive option for youth.

並列關鍵字

lumber industry ； domestic timber ； timber self-sufficiency rate ； supplier selection criteria