政黨競爭與台灣族群認同與國家認同間的聯結

Party Competition and the Connection between the Taiwanese Ethnic Identity and National Identity

張傳賢(Alex C. H. Chang) ； 黃紀(Chi Huang)

《台灣政治學刊》 15卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 3-71

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.201106.15(1).3-71

摘要

本文重新探索族群認同、國家認同與政黨認同，並思考兩個主要的問題：一、何以自李登輝主政時期族群認同與國家認同開始有劇烈變化？二、何以多數民眾在族群上認同台灣人並於統獨上傾向維持現狀的情形下，政黨間在選舉競爭時卻產生激烈的衝突？爲回答上述問題，筆者同時從政治社會學理論與歷史的角度出發，認爲在政治人物以極大化個人政治利益爲目標的操作下，國家認同問題與族群問題並非如以往學者所假設的呈現高度相關，而是在政黨競爭下藉由政黨認同而形成的間接聯結。筆者進一步從政治競爭的角度出發，認爲由於政黨以勝選爲前提而調整意識型態並運用負面競選策略，使得社會上的族群與國家認同雖然一片和諧，但是在政治競爭層面上卻造成衝突。我們利用結構方程式模型結合調查研究資料驗證上述假設。分析結果發現在控制政黨認同下，國家認同與族群認同間因果關係並不顯著。進一步將三項認同的延續性納入考量後，我們發現選民統獨立場僅與其認同泛綠與否間具有因果關係，而族群立場僅與其認同泛藍與否間具有因果關係。

關鍵字

族群認同 ； 政黨認同 ； 統獨議題 ； 政治競爭 ； 負面競選

並列摘要

In the process of Taiwan's democratization, scholars assert that ethnic identity, national identity, and party identity are closely linked with each other. In this paper, in addition to carefully examining the relationships among the three identities from the historical, political and sociological perspectives, we provide our hypotheses after investigating the political competition among political parties. We assert that to maximize their political benefit, political actors manipulate the definition and the content of the ethnic identity. Therefore, the ethnic identity has different meanings in different eras. Based on this assertion, we hypothesize that the relationship between the national identity and the ethnic identity is not primordially bound together, but is linked via the political competitions among parties and their engaging in negative campaigning. In order to provide empirical support for out theoretical hypotheses, we incorporate structural equation modeling with survey data. The analytical result shows that controlling for the influence of party identity, there is no significant causality between national identity and ethnic identity. In addition, after controlling for the continuity of the three identities, the pan-blue identity only causally connects with ethnic identity and the pan-green identity only connects with national identity.

並列關鍵字

ethnic identity ； party identity ； unification/independence alternatives ； political competition ； negative campaigning

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