佛教梵語sparśa-vihāra（觸住／觸安隱住／安樂住）在《雜阿含經》（T99）與《別譯雜阿含經》（T100）之語境用例考察

A Few Examples of Buddhist Sanskrit sparśa-vihāra ( 觸住 / 觸安隱住 / 安樂住) Which Occur in the Context of Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99, T100)

釋惠敏(Huimin Bhikshu)

《臺大佛學研究》 42期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6727/TJBS.202112_(42).0001

摘要

關於《雜阿含經》（簡稱《雜》）這類文本的「學派歸屬」問題，拙文的主要研究結果有如下3點：1.題相對於Hu-von Hinüber（2021）提出根本說一切有部律典之sparśa（vihāra）之「懺悔、設定大界等羯磨時之身心安怡狀態」之用例，拙文從玄奘漢譯《瑜伽師地論》sparśa-vihāra之A類、B類漢譯詞語境用例（§2），考察《雜》（T99）與《別譯雜》（T100）、對應的巴利語Nikāya經典的例，歸納為語境用例A類於食知量之「觸住／觸［當如是］住／觸安隱住」3筆（§3.1）、B類問安樂之「安樂住不？」9筆（§3.2），以及C類與解脫恐懼有關之「安隱住」3筆（§3.3）。2.從《雜》之A類「觸住／觸［當如是］住／觸安隱住」的漢譯語詞，可以推斷漢譯《雜》（T99）的印度原本的對應佛教梵語可能是sparśa-vihāra，此可支持Karashima（2020）、榎本（2001）認為漢譯《雜》（T99）歸屬根本說一切部的主張（§3.1.1）。3.假如《雜》（T99）之A類與B類的佛教梵語同是sparśa-vihāratā或對應巴利語phāsu-vihāra，為何B類漢譯是「安樂住」而A類漢譯是「觸住／觸［當如是］住／觸安隱住」？此或是《雜》B類「安樂住」之印度底本原語是sukha-saṃsparśa-vihāratāṃ或sukha-sparśa-vihāratā等可能性（§3.2.1-2）？或是《雜》（T99）受到之前約57筆B類語境之「安樂住」漢譯詞的影響（§3.2.3）？

關鍵字

sparśa-vihāra ； 觸住／觸安隱住／安樂住 ； 《雜阿含經》 ； 《別譯雜阿含經》 ； 《瑜伽師地論》

並列摘要

The main research results of my article are as follows: 1. Hu-von Hinüber (2021) says ＂In the Poṣadhavastu of the Mūlasarvāstivādins there are two form-like phrases which clearly show that the term sparśa (vihāra) is used in the context of confession etc.＂ My article starts from the examples of sparśa-vihāra which occur in the type A and type B contexts of the Yogācārabhūmi to investigate the examples in two Saṃyutāgama (T99, T100) and parallel Nikāya, and there are three examples of ＂ 觸住 (chu-zhu) or 觸安隱住 (chu-anyin-zhu)＂ belonging to the type A related to the doctrine of moderation in food (§3.1), and nine examples of ＂ 安樂住 (anle-zhu) ＂ belonging to the type B related to the greetings of the happiness (§3.2), and thress examples of ＂ 安隱住(anyin zhu)＂ belonging to the type C related to the liberation from fear (§3.3). 2. The corresponding Buddhist Sanskrit term of the Chinese transliteration type A ＂ 觸住 (chu-zhu) or 觸安隱住 (chu-anyin-zhu)＂ of the underlying Indian text of the T99 maybe sparśa-vihāra, and this possibility lends support to Karashima (2020) and Enomoto's (2001) Mūlsarvāsti-vāda ascription of T 99 (§3.1.1). 3. The corresponding Buddhist Sanskrit form of the Chinese transliteration type B ＂ 安樂住 (anle-zhu)＂ of the underlying Indian text of T99 maybe sparśa-vihāra, sukha-saṃsparśa-vihāratāṃ or sukha-sparśa-vihāratā etc. (§3.2.1-2). There are more than fifty-seven examples of ＂ 安樂住＂ related to type B before T99; whether this situation affected T99 or not may also be worth pondering (§3.2.3).

並列關鍵字

sparśa-vihāra ； Yogācārabhūmi ； Saṃyukta-āgama ； Za ahan jing ； Bieyi za ahan jing

參考文獻

AN: Anguttara Nikaya（《增支部》）。參考 Bodhi, Bhikkhu. The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Anguttara Nikaya. Boston, Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications, 2012. Kindle Edition.

CT:《中華大藏經．丹珠爾》。中國藏學研究中心《大藏經》對勘局編輯。

D:《德格版》。其經論編號、函數依《德格版西藏大藏經（甘珠爾及丹珠爾）總目錄及索引》，頁 611-612。

DN: Dīgha Nikāya（《長部》）。參考 Walshe, Maurice. The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1996.

MN: Majjhima-nikāya（《中部》）。參考 Bodhi, Bhikkhu, and Bhikkhu, Ñāṇamoli. The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Boston, Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications, 1995. Kindle Edition.