曾國藩文章行氣論及其在散文創作上的啟示

Zen, Guo-fan's Theory of Article Chi Mobilization and Its Implication to Creation of Prose

蔡美惠(Mei-Hui Tsai)

《東吳中文學報》 25期 (2013/05) Pp. 205-238

摘要

曾國藩因本身學深識廣且發憤著述，又因龐大幕府群策群力輔益之功，故其文章學豐厚詳實，堪稱近代文章學之大成。而曾氏之文氣論，主要以文章行氣說為主，其說與桐城派戴名世、方東樹文章氣脈說關係頗為密切，曾氏之論對二者有推演補益的功效，對歷代文氣論亦具有總結的作用。且曾氏以「行氣」論文，援用養生學理論，以論文章寫作方法，促進文章學與養生學之結合，所論精采深微，雖前有所承，但仍有不少創發處，是近代頗為特殊的理論。本文分為六單元。一、前言，說明曾氏文章行氣論之大略及其特殊性。二、文章行氣理論之淵源，從理論之同質性與理論之傳衍性，探討曾氏理論之由來。三、作家神氣之涵養，依據道家「補中益氣」之說，推演作家神氣修養之涵養論。四、文章行氣之方法，依據道家「行氣導引」之說，推演臨文構思的方法論。五、文章行氣論之啟示，說明其理論在散文創作上的啟示。六、結論，探討其說之地位與價值。

關鍵字

曾國藩 ； 近代文章學 ； 文章行氣論 ； 文氣論 ； 養生學

並列摘要

Zen Guo-fan is deemed a leader in the contemporary literature world. His prolific writing and in depth articles stems from his great intellect and merits from his sponsored advisors. Zen's theory of Article and Chi（文氣論）- mainly based on the Chi mobilization theory（行氣說）- has close relations with Dai, ming-shi and Fang, tong-shu, who belonged to the famous school of Tong-Chen School（桐城派） in early Chin Dynasty. Therefore, Zen's theory benefits and promotes the strengths of Dai's and Fang's theories, and even helps to conclude the theory of Article and Chi of various dynasties. Furthermore, Zen Guo-fan's application of the theory of Article and Chi to review articles and the theory of regimen to evaluate writing methods of articles helped promote the combination of literature and regimen. His theory is so profound that it continues to influence innovation and development, making Zen's Chi mobilization theory unique in contemporary literature world.This article is divided into following six units.1. Foreword. It describes the concept as well as uniqueness of Zen's Chi mobilization theory.2. The origin of Chi mobilization theory. I analyze the propagation from various related theories in order to explore the real origin of Zen's theory.3. The conservation of a writer's Shen Chi（神氣）. This is based on the Taoist theory of ”To compensate the hollow and to mend Chi”（「補中益氣」說）.4. The methods of article Chi mobilization. This is based on the Taoist theory of ”To mobilize Chi and to Guide” theory（「行氣導引」說）. In addition, I will examine the development of the methodology of article construction.5. Implications from the article Chi mobilization theory, along with hints the theory brings to prose creation.6. Conclusion. To explore present status and value of the theory.

並列關鍵字

Zen, Guo-fan ； contemporary literature ； article Chi mobilization theory ； theory of Article and Chi ； regimen

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