國道高速公路通行費及徵收方式之檢討

Evaluating Schemes for Toll Levels and Collection Approaches on National Freeway System

陳敦基(Dun-Ji Chen) ； 曾淑玲(Shu-Ling Tseng)

《運輸學刊》 16卷1期 (2004/03) Pp. 1-26

摘要

本文主要就我國高速公路通行費之收費制度進行檢討，並研擬其短、中、長期之調整方案。首先比較與我國情相近國家／地區之費率標準，結果發現以GNP所反映之負擔程度，各國車種費率均比我國標準高出1.3～6.9倍。其次，針對國內通行費實施現況及管理制度等課題進行檢討，並依據運輸效率性、社會公平性、財政平衡性及推動可行性等原則研擬出通行費調整方案，進而採用分析層級程序法（AHP）進行方案評選。評估結果顯示，在現行收費方式下，以「小型車50元、大貨（客）車70元及聯結車105元」費率方案為佳，可為高速公路通行費調整之短期方案；若實施尖離峰收費方式，則以「尖、離峰費率比例為1.5:1」之費率方案為佳，其可視為中期調整方案。此外，經由民意調查結果發現，民眾除贊成實施「尖、離峰差別費率」外，對於能反映公平性之「按里程」收費制度亦有相當程度之期待，故俟國內可實施電子收費系統（ETC）建置完成後，按里程計費應可視為高速公路費率調整之長期方案。

關鍵字

高速公路 ； 收費制度 ； 電子收費系統

並列摘要

The study is aimed to examine the system of tolls collection on national freeway systems in Taiwan, and to develop adjustment alternatives for the short/middle/long terms. First, levels of toll on highways in overseas countries/areas that have a similar development condition were compared with Taiwan. The results of comparison showed that the levels of toll in these countries/areas are higher than those of Taiwan, considering relative GNP levels, by a factor of 1.3 to 6.9. Second, existing issues concerning management of the toll collection system in Taiwan were explored. According to the principles of evaluation, which include transportation efficiency, social equity, financial balance, and implementation feasibility, the adjustment alternatives were developed. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to evaluate these alternatives. The results showed that the best adjustment alternative for the short term under the existing toll collection system is to adjust the levels of toll to 50 dollars for passenger car, 70 dollars for large vehicle, and 105 dollars for articulated truck. If different toll levels are adopted for peak and off-peak periods, the suggested ratio is 1.5:1 for the peak period versus the off-peak period, which is regarded as the best alternative for the middle term. Furthermore, a local survey on public opinion towards toll collection indicated, that different toll levels for peak and off-peak periods could be accepted, and distance-based toll collection possessing the attribute of equity, has gained significant support. With the completion of the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system, distance-based toll collection can be implemented, which would be regarded as the adjustment alternative of toll collection in the long term.

並列關鍵字

Freeway ； Toll collection system ； Electronic toll collection

參考文獻

研擬高速公路通行費率公式及徵收辦法

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