最適貨櫃船隊容量調整策略

本研究跳脫傳統最適船型之成本分析方法，改以航商整體船隊觀點，來分析貨櫃航商之最適船隊容量調整策略。本研究同時也針對不同營運規模之貨櫃航商，來探討不同最適船隊調整策略之實務意涵。最後，本研究透過對國籍三大貨櫃航商之實證分析發現：在2000年以前，三大航商之船隊艙位投入量，皆有出現超額容量之現象。而已居業界領導地位之A航商，其船隊最適調整策略應是朝向同時降低船舶艘數與平均船舶容量之縮減船隊容量方向著手。相對的，積極加入聯營集團運作之B航商，則應適度提升營運船舶之平均容量，以配合聯營越洋航線之實務需求。而近年來積極發展越洋航線之C航商，其最適船隊調整軌跡則應是朝向減少船舶艘數與加大平均船舶容量之方式進行，以強化其船舶之成本競爭力，並具以鞏固其利基市場優勢之船隊競爭策略。

關鍵字

最適貨櫃船型；最適船隊容量；超額容量；船舶大型化

並列摘要

Instead of the traditional approach focusing on comparing the operational cost among different ship sizes, this study applies the developed method to measure the optimal fleet capacity and discusses the strategies of fleet development for a container line. In addition, it also sheds some light on the practical implications of different strategic combinations by adjusting the fleet capacity toward the optimal level, conditional on operating different scales of containership fleet. By investigating the optimal fleet capacity for the three largest container lines in Taiwan, the findings indicate that the three container lines all have introduced too much fleet capacity into the market before 2000. Being one of the leading container carriers in the container shipping market, the optimal strategy of fleet adjustment for carrier A is to shrink the fleet capacity by reducing the number and average size of containerships. In contrast under the policy to aggressively join shipping alliance, carrier B has been confronted with an under-capacity situation since 2002. Thus, the optimal strategy of fleet adjustment is to properly increase the average containership size to reach the requirements for operating trans-ocean service routes under a given shipping alliance. As to the fleet utilization for the leading carrier of the trans-Asia regional market, carrier C has presented a persistent over-capacity situation during the past 15 years. Corresponding to its ambitious activity on penetrating into the trans-ocean market, the optimal strategy for carrier C's fleet adjustment is to reduce the number of small containerships. In turn, the enlarged average containership size will be more efficient to compete with other container lines.

並列關鍵字

Optimal containership size ； Optimal fleet capacity ； Over capacity ； Containership size enlargement

參考文獻

Caves, D. W.,Christensen, L.,Tretheway, M. W.(1984).Economics of Density Versus Economics of Scale: Why Trunk and Local Service Airline Costs Differ.Rand Journal of Economics.15(4),471-489.