不同母語背景華語學習者的用詞特徵：以語料庫為本的研究

Salient Linguistic Features of Chinese Learners with Different L1s: A Corpus-based Study

張莉萍(Li-Ping Chang)

《中文計算語言學期刊》 19卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 53-72

摘要

本文採用語料庫語言學方法，對比不同母語背景學習者語料庫，試圖尋找不同母語背景學習者的詞語特徵。首先透過主題關鍵性方法快速找出不尋常高頻、不尋常低頻關鍵詞語，進一步從語言類型、詞類概念、文化因素等面向來解釋這些關鍵詞語突出的原因。這些特徵包括母語為英語學習者代名詞和能願動詞「會、可以」的使用、相對少用句尾語氣助詞、多用量詞「個」；日、韓學習者在假設句使用上優先選用「…的話」形式、因果句優先選用「所以」等等。

關鍵字

華語 ； 學習者語料庫 ； 主題關鍵性 ； 中介語對比 ； 語言類型 ； 母語遷移

並列摘要

The study aims to explore the salient linguistic features of Chinese lexical items from different L1s learners. The research method is corpus-based, including comparing the learner corpus and the native-speaker corpus, as well as sub-corpora for different L1s. The learner corpus which consists of more than 1.14 million Chinese words from novice proficiency to advanced learners' texts is mainly from the computer-based writing Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL). The sub-corpora of Japanese, English, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesia and Thai are observed. Japanese corpus is top 1, which occupies twenty four percent of the total data, followed by English, Korean, and etc. And the native corpus is from the Academia Sinica balanced corpus. Through the overuse or underuse linguistic forms and keyword-keyness analysis, some salient features are discovered. For examples, comparative to Chinese learners with other L1s, English language background learners show the unusual high frequency on pronouns and unusual low frequency on sentential final particles in Chinese writing. And Japanese as well as Korean background learners tend to overuse the post form 'de hua' instead of 'ruguo' when expressing the 'if' sentence, and overuse 'suoyi' instead of 'yinwei' when expressing the cause-effect relation. The article also provides possible explanations for these results from the aspects of learners' native language typology, linguistic structure, syntactic category and culture.

並列關鍵字

Mandarin Chinese ； Learner Corpus ； Contrastive Inter-language Analysis ； Keyword-keyness ； CEFR ； Language Transfer

參考文獻

Baker, P.(ed.)(2009).Contemporary corpus linguistics.London, UK:Continuum Press.

Baker, P.(2006).Using corpora in discourse analysis.London:Continuum.

Chao, Y.-R.(1968).A grammar of spoken Chinese.Berkeley:University of California Press.

Chomsky, N.(1993).Lectures on Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter.

Council of Europe=COE(2001).Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.