臺灣國中青少年之自然連結量表編製與信效度分析

The Development of Connection With Nature Scale for Junior-High-School Adolescents

曾鈺琪(Yu-Chi Tseng)

《科學教育學刊》 27卷4期 (2019/12) Pp. 323-345

https://doi.org/10.6173/CJSE.201912_27(4).0006

摘要

過去的重要生命經驗研究及環境經驗調查發現自然經驗能影響環境態度與行為。但直到2000年心理學者開始探討自然連結的心理現象後，才能進一步測量並驗證其內在心理機制。但目前國外學界所發展的自然連結量表都以西方文獻為基礎、以成人為測試對象，仍未有適用於非西方文化及青少年的測量工具。因此本研究主要目的即是以臺灣青少年的真實自然經驗為素材，發展適用於國中階段的「自然連結量表」，同時調查臺灣國中生的自然連結現況及其對環境行為意圖的預測力。本研究採問卷調查法，先透過便利抽樣以238名臺北市及新竹市公立國中學生為預試樣本，進行項目分析和探索性因素分析之後，另加上451名臺中市公立國中學生為正式樣本，進行驗證性因素分析。結果顯示本研究所提出的三構面自然連結量表具有良好的整體適配度及信效度。此外，本研究亦發現住在非市區、有家人陪伴從事戶外活動、曾參加學校戶外課程的學生之自然連結顯著高於沒有這些條件的學生。多元迴歸分析也顯示自然連結中的「感官體驗」及「自然重要性」較「造訪戶外頻率」更能預測環境行為意圖。本文依據結果建議未來研究者可考慮將自然連結納入環境行為理論做進一步的探究，亦可運用此量表評估戶外環境教育課程的效果。

關鍵字

自然連結 ； 自然經驗 ； 臺灣青少年（國中階段） ； 環境行為意圖

並列摘要

Past Significant Life Experience research has shown that nature experiences can influence environmental attitudes and behaviors. Until 2000, when psychologists started to explore the inner psychological phenomenon of people's Connection With Nature (CWN), researchers were able to measure and explain the mechanism of how CWN can motivate people to protect the environment. However, the existing scales relied on western literature and were mainly developed for adults in western cultural contexts. So far, there is no measure designed for adolescents and for people in non-western cultures. The purpose of this research was to develop a specific CWN scale based on what Taiwanese adolescents (junior-high-school level) experienced and perceived in nature. This research also investigated Taiwanese adolescents' current CWN level and how CWN could predict their intention of environmental behavior. Through convenience sampling, this study first surveyed 238 public junior-high-school students in Taipei City and Hsinchu City as pilot study to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Then this study surveyed another 451 public junior-high-school students located in Taichung City to conduct confirmatory factor analysis. The result showed that this 11-item CWN scale supported three constructs with acceptable goodness of fit and good validity and reliability. Further analysis indicated that students from non-urban areas who went outdoors with their family and ever participated in school outdoor activities had significantly higher CWN level. Multiple repression analysis indicated that two of the CWN constructs, including sensory engagement and personal meaning of nature significance predicted students' intention of environmental behavior better than the criterion variable of frequency of outdoor visits. Based on these results, this study suggest that future researchers can include CWN into environmental behavior theories and test the CWN-environmental behavior hypothesis or model. The CWN scale may also be used by educators for outdoor environmental education program evaluation.

並列關鍵字

Connection With Nature ； Nature Experience ； Taiwanese Adolescent (Junior-High-School Level) ； Intention of Environmental Behavior

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