學齡前期兒童氣喘照護政策之探討

Health Care Policy for Preschool-age Children with Asthma

洪兆嘉(Chao-Chia Hung) ； 高碧霞(Bih-Shya Gau)

《台灣醫學》 9卷1期 (2005/01) Pp. 18-28

https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2005.9(1).03

摘要

本研究主要是利用描述性的調查研究法探討北台灣幼托機構之氣喘照護政策。利用結構性的問卷收集65位園長關於幼托機構的資料，分別是私立幼稚園36所，公立幼稚園6所，私立托兒所19所，公立托兒所4所。研究結果發現幼托機構的氣喘相關政策並不理想，特別是大多缺乏個別性氣喘幼童照護資料及緊急處理措施。僅55.4%的幼托機構中有氣喘照護相關資料，66.2%的幼托機構具個別性氣喘就醫指引，僅14.3%的幼稚園有來自於父母關於病童的個別性氣喘照護資料。健康記錄部份21.5%的幼托機構沒有任何健康記錄，76.2%的幼托機構定期更新健康記錄，其中50.8%的幼托機構每三個月更新一次。81.5%的幼托機構缺乏緊急處理設施。如有需要，81.3%的幼托機構接受老師協助吸入型藥物使用。92.2%的幼托機構願意派老師參加氣喘研習會。有個別性氣喘照護資料的托兒所組顯著高於幼稚園組，具健康記錄之幼稚園顯著高於托兒所且私立機構高於公立機構。而公立幼托機構之緊急處理設施顯著高於私立幼托機構。顯然健康專業人員應協助幼托機構發展一套合適的政策，以使非醫療專業的老師可以處理幼童的氣喘問題，研究結果可供健康專業人員日後擬定校園氣喘照護計劃及進一步研究的參考。

關鍵字

幼稚園 ； 托兒所 ； 氣喘 ； 政策 ； 兒童

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the asthma policy in preschool. A descriptive study was conducted at preschools in north of Taiwan. Constructive questionnaires were completed from 65 preschools in north of Taiwan. A total of 65 preschools head teacher from north of Taiwan complete a survey of asthmatic policy about their institute. There were 36 from private kindergartens, 6 from public kindergartens, 19 from private nursery schools and 4 from public nursery schools. The study revealed that asthma policy in preschool was not satisfied, especially in lack of individual asthma management guide and emergency equipment. It is only 55.4% of preschools that have asthmatic information. The guide in managing emergency for children with asthma was 66.2% of preschools. Only 14.3% of preschools preserve individual asthma management guide toward children with asthma that was provided from parents. There are 21.5% of preschools did not have any health registers. 73% of preschools update the health record regular and 50.8% of preschools update it per three months. There are 81.5% of preschools lacks of emergency equipment. It is 81.3% of preschools that allowed teachers to administer inhalation medication. Most of preschools (92.2%) would assign teacher to participate seminar about asthma. The individual asthma management guide in nursery schools was more than in kindergarten significantly; the health record in kindergarten was more than in nursery schools and in private preschools was more than in public preschools; the emergency equipment in public preschools was more than in private preschools. Clearly, the policies about asthma should be developed in preschools by health professional, enabling non-medical teachers to cope more ably with their asthmatic pupils. The implications for clinical practice and further studies are suggested.

並列關鍵字

preschool ； children ； asthma care policy