體現學生自由與自主性的道德教育方法探析

自由與自主性是道德教育實踐時需關注的議題，而教育現場的教師應瞭解體現學生自由與自主性的道德教育方法。執此認知，本文援引文獻分析的方法，目的在探析體現學生自由與自主性的道德教育方法。為完成上述旨趣，本文先對自由與自主性進行概念分析，以釐析何謂自由與自主性；其次，闡析道德教育體現學生自由與自主性的重要性；最後，則探析體現學生自由與自主性的道德教育方法。關於體現學生自由的道德教育方法如：（一）發展「非物化」學生的道德教育；（二）實踐「非教條化」的道德教育；（三）創造「自由」氛圍的道德教育情境。在體現學生自主性的道德教育方法如：（一）學生擁有選擇自己存在方式的機會；（二）尊重學生自我決定的人權；（三）尊重學生的自主性。本文企盼以上述道德教育方法為基礎，進而發展更為人性化的道德教育圖像。

關鍵字

自主性；自由；道德教育

並列摘要

The issues of freedom and autonomy must been given attention in the practice of moral education. Moreover, teachers must understand the methods of identifying freedom and autonomy under moral education. For this reason, this essay aims to explore the methods of identifying the freedom and autonomy of students under moral education. Firstly, analyzing the concepts of freedom and autonomy. Secondly, exploring the importance of identifying the freedom and autonomy of students under moral education. Thirdly, the author further explains the methods of identifying the freedom and autonomy of students. The proposed methods of identifying the freedom of students are as follows: (1) developing moral education that ”dematerializes” students, (2) practicing ”non-dogmatic” moral education, and (3) the creation of a ”free” atmosphere in a moral education environment. The proposed methods of identifying autonomy of students are as follows: (1) students have the opportunity to choose their mode of existence, (2) respecting the human rights of students' self-determination, and (3) respecting students' autonomy. Based on the above mentioned methods, an image of humanizing moral education can be formed. Above all, through the humanizing praxis of moral education, teachers and students can become a more fully human.