二戰後《中英商約》交涉失敗之研究

戰後六個月內要談判全面商約，是1943年中美、中英《平等新約》中分別在條文上規定了的。學界對《中美商約》進行了不少探討，而未能如約談判的《中英商約》卻受到令人遺憾的忽視。英國方面重視戰後中國市場，盼望與中國達成全面商約，很早就與中國政府進行有關接觸。但中國以還都為由拖延對英談判，同時卻開始了與美國的商約談判。戰後大國實力及其對華影響力的改變，決定了英國在對華政策上無法追趕美國步伐。英國未充分認清戰後中國政府外交底線，在提供的商約草案中提出多項導致分歧的條款，使短期內實現調和缺乏可能性。香港問題也在心理層面削弱國民政府與英國的談判興趣。1947年前後，中國政府將對英交涉重心轉移到相對簡單而又急待解決的香港走私和外匯市場問題，《中英商約》就此擱置。

關鍵字

中英商約；中美商約；香港問題

並列摘要

Entering into negotiation of all-around commercial treaty should be within six months after WWⅡ, which was regulated respectively in the Sino-American treaty and Sino-British treaty of 1943. There are quite a few discussions about Sino-American commercial treaty, while Sino-British commercial treaty about which negotiations weren't happened as regulated has been regrettably ignored. Britain attached importance to the post-war China market, hoping to reach a comprehensive commercial treaty with China, and contacted with the Chinese Government about it early. However, China postponed negotiations with Britain on the ground of moving the capital back, at the same time they started negotiations with the United States for a commercial treaty. The change of strength of great powers and their influences in China determined that Britain could not catch up with the pace of the United States in the policy toward China. Britain did not fully understand the Chinese Government's post-war diplomatic bottom line, putting forward a number of provisions which led to differences in the draft of commercial treaty, which made it impossible to reconcile in a short term. Hong Kong issue also weakened National Government's interest in the negotiations with Britain at the psychological level. Before and after 1947, the Chinese Government shifted the focus of negotiations with Britain to the problems of smuggling and foreign exchange markets in Hong Kong which were relatively simple but immediate, and Sino-British commercial treaty was laid aside then.