職能治療專業認同感之探討：國立大學生的觀點

Investigation of the Professional Identity among Occupational Therapists: Viewpoints of National College Students

李致瑩(Chih-Ying Li) ； 鍾麗英(Ly-Inn Chung) ； 陳詞章(Tsyr-Jang Chen) ； 施陳美津(Mei-Jin Shih Chen) ； 楊念慈(Nian-Tzu Yang) ； 潘璦琬(Ay-Woan Pan)

《Journal of Medical Education》 10卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 197-208

https://doi.org/10.6145/jme.200609_10(3).0003

摘要

本研究是首次台灣職能治療界對專業認同感之研究文獻。本研究的目的是探討國立職能治療大學生對專業角色的認同情形，以及影響認同感的因素。本研究樣本為國內兩所國立大學職能治療之學生，共發放240份問卷，回收188份，回收率為78.3%。受測者平均年齡為20.75歲，共56位男性，女性132位。在「專業認同感」方面，79.5%的受測者屬於「認同」或「非常認同」；「是否瞭解職能治療的內容」方面，53.2%的受測者屬於「非常瞭解」或「瞭解」。不同年級間的認同感及瞭解程度具統計上的顯著差異。影響國立職能治療系學生對職能治療專業認同感的前三項因素依序是：「職能治療的大學實習」、「實習時的老師」、「家屬病患對職能治療師的肯定」。若以年級別個別分析影響認同感之因子，結果顯示「大學實習的經驗」是共同的影響因子。相關分析結果顯示，認同程度與年級別、喜歡職能治療與否、瞭解職能治療與否、未來從事職能治療可能性、職能治療未來發展潛能等變項具有統計上的顯著相關(ρ=.148~ρ=.530)。以認同感程度為依變項進行逐步迴歸分析，結果「喜歡就讀的學系」、「喜歡職能治療」、「了解職能治療」、「年級別」以及「未來可能從事職能治療」五個因子共解釋了48%的變異量。本研究結果顯示，大多數國立職能治療學系大學生認同職能治療專業，不同年級學生的認同感有所差異，而實習的教師及實習經驗會影響學生對專業的認同程度。本研究結果可提供專業教育者參考，做為提升學生專業認同感之依據。

關鍵字

職能治療 ； 專業認同 ； 問卷調查 ； 專業教育

並列摘要

Occupational therapy is a profession that is both a science and an art. We help our clients to improve their health status and quality of life by facilitating their participation in meaningful activities. Although there is an increasing awareness of a need for occupational therapy services in Taiwan, there is also a crisis due to the low sense of professional identity that threatens the growth of the profession. This can be attributed to several factors, namely the late development of the profession, the shortage of culturally relevant knowledge and the low salary compared to physicians. The purpose of the study was to investigate the sense of professional identity and related factors among National College students who are majoring in occupational therapy in Taiwan. The subjects were from the Departments of Occupational Therapy at two public universities. A coordinator in each department distributed the questionnaires and was responsible for the return of the questionnaires. A total of 240 questionnaires were distributed, and 188 questionnaires were returned giving a 78.3% return rate; overall 56 males and 132 females responded. The average age of the subjects was 20.75 years. The questionnaire was designed specifically for the current research and was based on a literature review and in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed using WINSTEPS and SPSS 11.5 software. The results showed that 79.3%of the respondents had a good sense of professional identity and 57.5% of the respondents understood what the profession involved. However, there were significant differences across the students from various university years relative to ”a sense of professional identity”, ”the degree of understanding of the profession”, ”the liking of the profession”, and ”the possibility of become an OT in the future”. The top five factors influencing the students' sense of professional identity were ”fieldwork experience”, ”their fieldwork instructor”, ”positive feedback from patients and family members”, ”opportunities for promotion in the job”, and ”being a valued team member”. When we analyzed the top five factors across each student year group, ”fieldwork experience” was the only common factor. Correlational analysis showed that the sense of identity correlated significantly with ”university year”, ”liking the profession”, ”the degree of understanding of the profession”, ”the possibility of becoming an OT in the future”, and ”the potential of OT” (r=.148~.530). When the sense of identity was used as the dependent variable in a stepwise regression analysis, the results demonstrated that ”liking the school department”, ”liking the profession”, ”the degree of understanding of the profession”, ”the university year” and ”possibility of becoming an OT in the future” were significant predictors that explained 48% of the total variance. Since there were differences in the sense of professional identify and the liking of the school department and the profession among students at different stages in their education, educators need to improve the design of their courses and their course content in order to increase the students' understanding of the profession. Furthermore, ensuring fieldwork quality would be an important step toward enhancing a sense of professional identity among OT college students.

並列關鍵字

occupational therapy ； professional identity ； survey ； professional education

參考文獻

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