運用體驗學習提升人文素養－以「關懷與服務學習」課程為例

Experiential Learning as a Teaching Strategy to Cultivate Humanity: An Example of Service-Learning Course

李靜姝(Ching-Chu Li) ； 陳志軒(Chih-Hsuan Chen) ； 徐畢卿(Bih-Ching Shu)

《Journal of Medical Education》 15卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 134-142

https://doi.org/10.6145/jme.201106_15(2).0007

摘要

健康照護專業以人為對象，因此，培養具人文素養的專業人成為醫護教育的核心價值，然而，以傳統教學方式進行教授似乎成效不彰。本文的目的即在分享運用體驗學習來培育人文素養的教學經驗。文中對體驗學習、如何應用此教學法於課程設計、學生的回饋以及未來於醫護教育的應用加以介紹。在課程設計上，本課程透過四個階段的體驗學習循環：具體經驗→反思性的觀察→將概念抽象化→在活動中實驗，以學生的個人經驗作為學習材料，增強其主動參與學習過程的動機。同時為了加強學生的反思，學習活動的設計主要在提供有意義的經驗，以協助學生將自身過去的經驗與目前的學習情境相連結。課後學生的反思可歸納為對自我的覺察、對關懷他人及社會的體認，以及對於社會正義的認識等三個層次，所有學生對此學習經驗皆給予肯定。體驗學習為提升人文素養的有效方式，尤其適於充滿變化的臨床情境，需注意的是，體驗學習並非指在病人身上鍛鍊，而是指學生能夠對於自身的經驗進行反思並從中學習。

關鍵字

體驗學習 ； 人文素養 ； 醫護教育

並列摘要

Humanistic care of patients is the core value of healthcare education. However, educators find it hard to teach in traditional ways. The aim of this article is to provide an example of experiential learning as a strategy to cultivate humanities by developing a course titled ”Caring and Service-Learning”. We introduce experiential learning, employment of this pedagogy in curriculum design, students' feedbacks, and future application in healthcare education. Simply speaking, experiential learning means learning by doing. Through the four elements of experiential learning (do, review/reflect, learn, and apply), personal experiences are used as the learning materials and therefore motivated students to actively participate in learning process. To facilitate student's reflection, learning activities are designed to provide meaningful experiences, which assist students themselves to make connections between their previous experiences and current learning. Reflections from students in this course could be categorized into three levels: awareness of self, value of helping others, and social justice. All students appreciated the special learning experience. In sum, experiential learning is an appropriate teaching strategy to enhance humanity, especially in a variety of clinical situations. It is noteworthy that experiential learning does not mean practicing skills on patients, but reflecting on experiences and learning from them.

並列關鍵字

experiential learning ； humanity ； healthcare education

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