Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the pass rate of the baccalaureate nursing graduates of a university in the national registered nurse (RN) exam in Taiwan. Methods: A retrospective review study was conducted. The predictor variables were collected from data base of the center of institutional research in one university. The outcome was pass/fail on the national RN exam on the first attempt. Results: Of the 268 students, most were Taiwanese (94.4%) and females (81%), the average general scholastic ability test score being 53 (out of 75). The pass rate of the RN exam on the first attempt was 92.9%. The results suggested that whether students could pass the RN exam on the first attempt depended on their nationality, admission channel, basic science course grades, and nursing course grades, but not their general scholastic ability test score. A nationality of Taiwanese, a high grade in the anatomy course, and a high grade of the medical-surgical nursing (I) course are predictors of pass rate of the RN exam on the first attempt. The cut-off scores of the anatomy and the medical-surgical nursing (I) courses were 66.5 and 76.5, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84 (95% confidence interval:0.77-0.92) and 0.93 (95% confidence interval:0.90-0.97) respectively. Conclusions: Identifying the predictors of pass rate and the cut-off score of licensure exams not only helps teachers introduce early intervention to overcome students' weaknesses, but also serves as the basis for guiding the supervision of baccalaureate nursing students to pass the RN exam.