- 期刊
超級福利國家？“歐洲聯盟”社會政策的發展
A Super-welfare State? The Development of Social Policy in the European Union
摘要
「歐洲聯盟」已是當今世上最著名的社會工程之一，高達十五個歷史、文化、語言、政治、經濟、與社會結構殊異的歐洲國家，正進行廣泛的整合工作。其中歐盟社會政策是相當重要的一環，它突顯出社會整合的必要性，特別是將之提昇到與政治、經濟整合並列的地位。本文回顧了歐盟社會政策的發展歷程，先從歐盟的形成談起，釐清其政治、經濟的大脈絡，由其中切入歐盟整合的社會面向問題，因而導引出歐盟社會政策的重要性，緊接著描述其從「社會憲章」到「社會篇章」的發展，並較詳細地探討了「社會篇章」的內涵與意義，最後則以英國為例說明歐盟走向超級福利國家的困難。我們認為，即使各國間仍存在著諸多歧見，但歐盟社會政策依然穩健地發展，而其在歐盟整合過程中所扮演的角色也將日益明顯。
並列摘要
The European Union (EU) has been a well-known social engineering in the world. There are 15 European countries with varied histories, cultures, languages, and political, economic and social structures conducting comprehensive integration at all dimensions. In the process of this great change, the EU social policy is playing an important role, by which the necessity of social integration is highlighted along with political and economic integration. This paper reviews the development of the EU social policy by exploring its politico-economic context, social dimension of European integration, and the contents and meanings of Social Charter and Social Chapter. Finally, the difficulties of the European way towards a super-welfare state are also outlined, with special reference to the UK. We argue, even though conflicting ideas are existing, the development of the EU social policy as well as its importance in European integration should be moderate in the future.