變遷中的歐洲社會模式：考察歐盟年金政策的發展

過去20年以來，歐洲統合的過程深刻影響會員國的福利制度。本文以晚近的歐盟年金政策為例，視察歐洲社會模式的論述與歐盟社會政策的發展：進而探討2000年後興起的里斯本議程，如何影響歐洲社會模式的理念內涵，並形塑一個以勞動參與為核心理念的政策綱領。當前歐盟年金政策的發展，具體呈現主流論述中的歐洲社會模式精神，强調傳統年金體系的現代化以及積極勞動參與獲取年金權。歐盟年金政策的理念與治理方式，在性別平等、人員自由遷徙、單一保險市場面向上對於會員國的年金制度有具體影響；再輔以開放協調法的運用，間接呼應並強化當前歐洲國家年金改革方向的正當性。藉此本文嘗試理解晚近歐洲年金改革的歐洲化面向，思考歐洲老年經濟安全政策的變遷，以及對台灣年金政策的意涵。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟；歐洲社會模式；年金改革；里斯本議程；開放協調法

並列摘要

In the past two decades Euro pea n integration ha s profoundly influenced the welfare institutions of the member states. With the example of EU pension policy, this article sets out to examine the discourses on the European Social Model and the relevant development of EU social policy, in an attempt to comprehend how the Lisbon Agenda has formulated the idea of European Social Model and moulded a policy programme centred upon labour participation . The development of EU pension policy is a concrete epitome of the European Social Model as dictated in the mainstream EU discourses, which stress the modernization of traditional pension systems as well as the acquisition of pension entitlements through active labour participation. In its governance of pension policy, the EU has indirectly intervened in the pension institutions of its member states in various domains such as gender equality, free movement of labour, and single European insurance market. The increasing utilization of the Open Method of Coordination in this policy area further echoes, indeed justifies, the legitimacy of recent Euro pea n pens ion reform direct ions. Upon this analysis, this article attempts to highlight the dimension of the Europeanization of pension reforms, and reflects on their implications for the changing old-age security in Europe.

並列關鍵字

European Social Model ； European Union ； Lisbon Agenda ； Open Method of Coordination ； pension reform

參考文獻

Hooghe, L.,Marks, G.(1999).The Making of a Polity. The Struggle over European Integration.Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism.(Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism).:

Google Scholar

Lewis, J.(2006).Work/Family Reconciliation, Euqal Opportunities and Social Policies: the Interpretation of Policy Trajectories at the EU Level and the Meaning of Gender Euqality.Journal of European Public Policy.13(3),420-438.

Google Scholar

Schmähl, W. (2005). Nationale Rentenreformen und die Europäische Union-Entwicklungslinien und Einflusskanäle. ZeS Arbeitspapier 03/2005. Universität Bremen.