台灣客家美濃油紙傘之圖像視覺與文化研究

提起美濃大家會聯想到油紙傘，「美濃油紙傘」已成為美濃的另一個代號，近年來因工藝藝術逐漸受到重視，使得油紙傘演變為美濃的工藝藝術標章，就好像三義的木雕和鶯歌的陶瓷那般深植人心。因此本研究重點乃在於了解美濃油紙傘的文化內涵及象徵意涵、了解美濃油紙傘之色彩表現及美濃油紙傘傘面圖像之視覺設計，採用內容分析法、訪談法與田野調查法，透過田野調查深入美濃鎮，實地拍攝美濃油紙傘共140張作為本研究之樣本圖，以質量並重原則，進行質性的研究分析與量化的統計分析。研究分析結果發現，具有客家文化代表的美濃油紙傘，它具有非常正面的文化意涵，可看出客家人凡事正面思考的民族特性。美濃油紙傘之傘面色彩以茶色為最多，呈現出美濃油紙傘的古色古香韻味，早期客家人嫁女兒都會送大紅色的油紙傘，這與客家傳統文化都有相關性。油紙傘傘面手工彩繪各種圖像，已是現今美濃油紙傘最常用以表現的形式，其中以中國傳統繪畫的「花卉」彩繪圖像及具有美濃當地文化特質的「美濃地景」彩繪圖像最為欣賞者或收藏者所喜愛，它們皆能傳達客家美濃油紙傘文化之特色。

關鍵字

文化；美濃；油紙傘；圖像視覺

並列摘要

Meinong is often associated with the paper umbrella; the Meinong paper umbrella has become an outstanding feature of Meinong. In recent years, with increasing attention on handicraft art, the paper umbrella has become a local symbol of the handicrafts in Meinong, just like the wood carving in Sanyi and the pottery art in Yingge. Accordingly, this study aims to understand the cultural connotations and symbolic meanings of the Meinong paper umbrella as well as to explore the applied color usage and visual design. With methodologies which include: content analysis, interviews and field investigation that was conducted to acquire 140 photos shot in Meinong as the samples of this study, the results of qualitative analysis and quantitative statistics were elicited. The results show that Meinong paper umbrella, which represents the Hakka culture, has a very positive cultural connotation and reflects Hakka people's positive thinking of almost everything. Yellowish brown color, conveying an antique feel, is the most common. Also, Hakka people used to send daughters a red umbrella as the dowry in early times. Both the phenomena are related to the Hakka culture. The varied hand-painted images on the umbrella are the most frequent presentations of the Meinong paper umbrella. The images of traditional Chinese flowers, birds and ”rural landscapes of Meinong” represent the local culture of this place, and are the most highly appreciated among collectors, since these kinds of images perfectly represent the cultural features of the Hakka Meinong paper umbrella.