閩南聚落間短暫休憩行為與空間關係研究

聚落是閩南人居主要的建築形式之一，符合群體聚集居住的一種建築佈局，人們以家族的形式群居之中，幾個姓氏的家族共居其中，存在著緊密的鄰里關係，金門可謂閩南文化保持最完整之地。文獻記載中探討相關空間與人類行為關係者不在少數，本研究以金門地區之聚落空間為研究基礎，探討人們生活其中的日常，在短暫休憩時間的行為地點選擇因素。金門地方擁有完整的聚落空間，甚至有單姓的聚落，彰顯強烈的家族力量。人們的生活日常衣食住行圍繞其中，研究焦點將在工作之餘偶有短暫的休憩時刻，並非外出娛樂之類型的休閒行為，三五街坊會在聚落當中找尋各個角落做短時間的停駐，或談天說地、或沉思仰望，這樣的休憩行為與空間之間的互動關係，成為研究中對空間行為的討論議題。在相同休憩行為的短暫時間裡，人們會以什麼樣的方式來選擇這一個空間場域，其間必然出現人們對此判斷的影響因子。研究將以閩南聚落保持最完整的金門本島地區做為研究目標，深度探究金門聚落之間人們在短暫休憩的行為發生的時刻，會以聚落間的什麼場所做為選擇，分析空間場域與人的行為互動關係，以找尋人們對這些休憩場選擇的出發點條件為何。從金門聚落空間佈局出發，探索人們休憩行為在這其間對於空間場域的選擇因子，將以何做為決策判斷因素，過程將透過實地勘查、紀錄，再以相關文獻之佐證來區劃出聚落間可能作為短暫休憩的場所。最後進行探討人們身處其中如何選擇提供短暫休憩的場所，其決策的方式為何，是以什麼影響因素作為區選擇要件，並研究其間之差異，分析其中判斷因素，轉化為空間建立之判斷及其他設計之參考。

關鍵字

金門聚落；休憩行為；空間關係

並列摘要

Settlements is typical living style of people from South Fujian which is best kept in Kinmen area. The architecture there is built for group living where people live close to each other in groups divided by clans. There has been a lot literature discussing the relationship between space and human behavior. This study intends to look at the factors affecting people's choice of where to stop and take a short rest in daily life in the settlements in Kinmen. The settlements in Kinmen are so well preserved and complete that one can even find clans there, demonstrating strong familial power. People work and sleep there. Therefore, this study will observe where they choose to take a short rest during work instead of where they would go in their leisure time. On those occasions, people tend to fan out and take a short stop somewhere for a chitchat or take a moment of peace to one's own. The relationship between such behavior and space (the place they choose to have a rest) will be the focus of this paper. How and where people choose to stop and take a short rest during work are to be decided by several factors. This study will take Kinmen where the South Fujian settlement culture is best preserved as an example and analyze those factors. It will dig into the reasons and relationship between people's choice of space and their behavior when they choose where to stop and take a short break during daily life. It will survey the space planning there and point out the possible spots for people to take a short break in the day by on-field investigation, documentary and related literature. Lastly, the paper will discuss how people living there make each choice, their approach of decision and what are the affecting factors in the process. Then it will look at their difference and what leads to the final decisions so that this study could be used as a reference in the future judgement of space and other designs.