不同收穫期與栽培管理技術對落花生種仁總酚、類黃酮及抗氧化活性之影響

Effects of Harvest Date and Cultivation Practice on Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

邱齡慧(Ling-Hui Chiu) ； 邱凱瑩(Kai-Ying Chiu) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《嘉大農林學報》 10卷1期 (2013/02) Pp. 109-125

摘要

落花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）具有抗氧化能力、清除自由基及保健之功效。落花生收穫時期，會影響產量與品質，若收穫期過早，雖品質佳，但產量較少；收穫過遲，則因許多莢果果柄腐敗進而影響抗氧化能力。本研究以台灣栽培之落花生品種台南11號及台南14為材料，於2010年春作及秋作栽培於嘉義縣義竹鄉，探討始花後不同收穫期及栽培管理方式所採收之落花生種仁，進行抗氧化活性研究，結果如下：春作在品種間，清除DPPH自由基能力（77.98 %）以台南14號較佳，總酚含量（6.39 mg/g）以台南11號較佳；不同收穫期，在清除DPPH自由基能力（79.03 %）、還原力（O.D.值達2.52）及類黃酮含量（1.22 mg/g）皆以始花後50天較高，亞鐵離子螯合能力（74.68 %）以始花後80天後收穫為最高；不同栽培管理間，有病蟲害防治管理以總抗氧化能力（88.14 %）及總酚含量（7.21 mg/g）為較佳，無病蟲害防治管理以還原力（O.D.值達2.30）及類黃酮含量（1.24 mg/g）有較佳之表現，則慣行栽培管理以清除DPPH自由基能力（79.19 %）較高。秋作在品種間，亞鐵離子螯合能力（64.59 %）、類黃酮含量（0.25 mg/g）及總酚含量（1.71 mg/g）皆以台南11號較佳；不同收穫期，在亞鐵離子螯合能力（65.38 %）、還原力（O.D.值達0.50）、類黃酮含量（0.29 mg/g）及總酚含量（2.01 mg/g）皆以始花後50天較高；不同栽培管理間，清除DPPH自由基能力（76.11 %）、亞鐵離子螯合能力（71.30 %）、類黃酮含量（0.26 mg/g）及總酚含量（1.80 mg/g）皆以有病蟲害管理為較佳，無病蟲害管理以總抗氧化能力（87.26 %）為較佳，而慣行栽培管理在抗氧化活性中皆為最低。不同期作間，在春作清除DPPH自由基能力、亞鐵離子螯合能力、還原力、類黃酮含量及總酚含量皆比秋作佳。綜合試驗結果可得知，落花生種仁中，在總抗氧化能力、亞鐵離子螯合能力、還原力、類黃酮及總酚含量會受到品種、收穫期及栽培管理技術之影響而有差異。

關鍵字

落花生 ； 收穫時期 ； 有機栽培 ； 慣行栽培 ； 種仁 ； 抗氧化活性 ； DPPH ； 總酚 ； 類黃酮

並列摘要

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has effectiveness including of antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radicals scavenging activity and health care. Peanut harvest time, will affect the yield and quality. If harvested too early, although the quality is good, but the yield will be reduced. If harvested too late, many of the pedicel corruption, and then will affect the antioxidant capacity. Field experiments of peanuts Tainan No.11 and Tainan No.14 were conducted in February and August for spring and fall crops in an organic field in Yijhu, Chiayi County in 2010. Peanut seeds of the first flower after harvest 50days, 60days, 70days, 80days and cultivation management style (prevention and cure, without prevention and cure, and conventional cultivation) were conducted antioxidant activity research (Total antioxidant activity、DPPH free radicals scavenging activity、Ferrous ion chelating capacity、Reducing power、Flavonoids、Total phenolics. The results are as follows:For (During) spring crop varieties, the total phenolics content (6.39 mg / g) in Tainan No.11 is greater than that in Tainan No.14; DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (77.98%) in Tainan No.14 is greater than that in Tainan No.11. For (During) different harvest, DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (79.03%), reducing power (OD value of 2.52) and flavonoids content (1.22 mg / g) are all the highest at the first flower after 50 days harvest, ferrous ion chelating capacity re all the highest at the first flower after 80 days harvest. For (During) different cultivations and managements, total antioxidant activity (88.14%) and total phenolics content (7.21 mg / g) have higher quantity in the prevention and cure experiments; However, reducing power (OD value of 2.30) and flavonoids content (1.24 mg / g) have better performance at without prevention and cure experiments, and DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (79.19%) is high at conventional cultivation and management.For (During) fall corps varieties, the ferrous ion chelating ability (64.59%) and flavonoids content (0.25 mg / g) and total phenolics (1.71 mg/g) in Tainan No.11 is greater than that in Tainan No.14. For (During) different harvest, ferrous ion chelating capacity (65.38%), reducing power (OD value of 0.50), flavonoids content (0.29 mg / g) and total phenol content (2.01 mg / g) are all the highest at the first flower after 50 days harvest. For (During) different cultivation and management, DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (76.11%) and ferrous ion chelating ability (71.30%), flavonoids content (1.24 mg/g) and total phenolics (1.80 mg/g) have higher quantity in the pest management. Total antioxidant capacity (87.26%) have higher quantity in the not pest management, antioxidant activity have lowest quantity in the conventional cultivation. For (During) crop, in the spring, DPPH free radicals scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, reducing power, flavonoids content and total phenol content is the highest in the fall crop.The results domens trested that total antioxidant capacity, ferrous ion chelating ability, reducing power, flavonoids and total phenol content of peanut seed kernels were affected by harvest and cultivation management technology.

並列關鍵字

peanut ； harvest date ； organic cultivation ； conventional cultivation ； seed ； antioxidant activities ； DPPH ； total phenolics ； flavonoids