馬鈴薯不同栽培方式及收穫天數對塊莖產量及化學成分之影響

Yield characters and chemical compositions of potato in different harvest dates and cultivation managements

盧建夫(Jian-Fu Lu) ； 馮淑慧(Shu-Huei Ferng) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《嘉大農林學報》 13卷1期 (2016/02) Pp. 1-20

摘要

本試驗目的為探討馬鈴薯克尼伯不同栽培方式及收穫天數對農藝性狀、產量與塊莖化學成分之影響，配合不同栽培方式有機有病蟲害管理、有機無病蟲害管理、慣行栽垮與收穫天數70天、80天、90天及100天為處理，進行產量性狀調查(塊莖重、塊莖數、塊莖總重、小區塊莖面積產量、根冠比、乾物率及瘡痂病感病率) 以及塊莖成分分析(水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、碳水化合物) ，以期推估馬鈴薯有機栽培最佳收穫期。結果顯示，秋作以有機病蟲害管理有最高塊莖總重及小區塊莖面積產量，春作以慣行栽母有最高塊莖總重及小區塊莖面積產量; 春秋作有機無病蟲害管理有最高粗蛋白及澱粉含量，碳水化合物以慣行栽培有最高含量，但栽培管理問產量及成分沒有顯著差異;春秋作塊莖總重、小區塊莖面積產量及根冠比隨馬鈴薯收穫天數延長而增加;澱粉及碳水化合物含量隨馬鈴薯收穫天數延長而增加，粗蛋白含量隨收穫天數延長而減少，因此收穫期對產量及成分影響顯著。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 春秋作 ； 收穫期 ； 有機栽培 ； 病蟲害管理 ； 慣行栽培 ； 產量 ； 成分分析

並列摘要

Potato variety Kennebec was used in this experiment for studying the effects of different cultivation managements (organic integrated pest management, organic no pest management, conventional cultivation) and harvest dates (70 days, 80 days, 90 days , 100 days) , yield characters (tuber weight, no. of tuber, tuber total weight, tuber yield/plot, root shoot ratio, dry weight/fresh weight, corky scab incidence rate) and tuber chemical compositions ash, crude fat , crude protein, starch, carbohydrate) were investigated, it used to estimate the best harvest dates .The results were as follows: organic integrated pest management(fall) had highest tuber total weight and tuber yield/plot, conventional cultivation(spring) had highest tuber total weight and tuber yield/plot; organic no pest management(spring and fall) had highest crude protein and starch, conventional cultivation had highest carbohydrate, but it was not significantly different at cultivation managements on yield characters and chemical compositions; on spring and fall crop , tuber total weight, tuber yield/plot and root shoot ratio with increased of harvest dates, crude protein was reduced by harvest dates, the results showed that harvest dates had big influence on yield characters and chemical compositions.

並列關鍵字

potato ； harvest date ； season ； conventional cultivation ； organic cultivation ； yield ； chemical composition