胡麻種原農藝性狀變異之研究

Variation of agronomic characters of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm

陳峻緯(Jyun-Wei Chen) ； 劉景平(Ching-Ping Liu) ； 許育嘉(Yu-Chia Hsu)

《嘉大農林學報》 14卷1期 (2017/02) Pp. 75-92

摘要

本試驗以臺灣及其他不同國家或地區收集的274個胡麻收集系為材料，進行農藝特性調查。根據農藝性狀分析顯示，有較高比例的胡麻種原具有較晚之始花天數、較多二次分枝數、較高株高、較少單株蒴果數、較少單株種子數和較重千粒重。將胡麻種原調查之農藝性狀進行主成分分析，結果顯示，第1至第3主成分之累積變異量為67.4%，以此三個主成分進行繪製三維立體圖，結果顯示，大部分種原集中在中心，但發現一群其有高單株蒴果數及單株種子數之參試品系如：c-16、c-17、c-71、d-39及d-63可以被區分出，此外，三個收集系c-16、c- 17及d-39更具有較佳的單株產量。就胡麻種原農藝特性間的相關分析顯示，單株種子數與每蒴果種子數及單株種子產量均呈極顯著正相闕，但與千粒重呈極顯著負相關。將胡麻種原所調查之9個農藝性狀對單株種子產量進行複迴歸變方分析，結果顯示，單株種子產量會隨著始花天數、單株蒴果數、單株種子數、每蒴果種子數及千粒重而改變，5個農藝性狀對單株種子產量(Y)之影響力大小依序為千粒重(X9)、始花天數(X1)、單株蒴果數(X6)、每蒴果種子數(X8)及單株種子數(X7)。

關鍵字

胡麻 ； 種原 ； 主成分分析 ； 複迴歸

並列摘要

The 274 sesame accessions collected from Taiwan and other countries (regions), and then the agronomic characters of each accession was investigated. According to the analyses of agronomic characters of sesame germplasm, the higher ratio of germplasm had late days to the first flowering, higher no. of primary branches, higher plant height, less no. of capsules per plant, less no. of seeds per plant, and heavier wt. of 1000-seed. To analysis the principal components basing on agronomic characters of germplasm, 67.4% cumulative variance was obtained from principal component I to 3. The 274 sesame accessions were scattered on the three dimension space that defined by the first, second and third principal components. The most of accessions were grouped on the center. However, a group with more no. of capsules per plant and no. of seeds per plant can be distinguished from three-dimensional space that contained 5 accessions such as: c-16, c-17, c-71, d-39 and d-63. In addition, three accessions, c-16, c-17, and d-39, had excellent seed yield per plant. According to the analyses of correlation coefficients among agronomic traits in sesame germplasm, the correlations between no. of seeds per plant and the other two agronomic characters, no. of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant had significant positive correlations but extreme significant negative with wt. of 1000-seed. The seed yield per plant will be changed following with days to the first flowering, no. of capsules per plant, no. of seeds per plant, no. of seeds per capsule, and wt. of 1000-seed basing on ANOVA analysis of multiple regression using 9 agronomic traits of sesame germplasm. The order of influence of five agronomic traits on seed yield (Y) was wt. of 1000-seed (X9), days to the first flowering (X1), no. of capsules per plant (X6), No. of seeds per capsule (X8), and no. of seeds per plant (X7).

並列關鍵字

sesame ； gennplasm ； principal component analysis ； multiple regression