胡麻農藝性狀之相關性及遺傳分析

Correlations and inheritances of agronomic traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

陳峻緯(Jyun-Wei Chen) ； 劉景平(Ching-Ping Liu)

《嘉大農林學報》 14卷1期 (2017/02) Pp. 41-63

摘要

本研究以日本胡麻品種Gomazou和台灣現行主要栽培種台南1號雜交，以雜交後裔F5及F6世代為材料，探討農藝性狀之相關性及遺傳特性。研究結果顯示胡麻單株種子產量與單株蒴果數、單株種子數及千粒重呈極顯著相關，可以作為後代選拔產量的參考指標。花色為兩對互補性基因所控制，葉柄顏色及每葉腋花數均為一對完全顯性基因所控制，蜜腺有無為兩對重複基因所控制，主莖茸毛密度、蒴果茸毛密度及二次分枝數均為兩對基因之顯性上位性所控制，一次分枝數為兩對完全顯性基因所控制，始花天數及含油量為兩對重複基因所控制，株高、第一節蒴果高度及每蒴果種子數為兩對互補性基因所控制，單株蒴果數、單株種子數及單株種子產量則為兩對基因之顯性上位性所控制，千粒重為兩對累加性基因所控制，芝麻素含量、芝麻林素含量及木酚素含量為一對完全顯性基因或兩對累加性基因所控制。此外，F5對F6世代之13個農藝性狀之簡單迴歸顯著性測驗，可得知兩世代間呈極顯著之線性關係，代表兩世代間有極顯著相關，因此後代選拔應可達到選拔效果。

關鍵字

胡麻 ； 農藝性狀 ； 相關性 ； 遺傳性

並列摘要

This study were to investigate correlations and inheritances of agronomic traits in F5 and F6 progenies of Gomazou cross with Tainan No.1(TN1). Gomazou is a Japanese cultivar with a higher lignans content while TN1 is the most popular cultivar grown in Taiwan. The results revealed that seed yield per plant was highly significant correlated with number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight, so it could be as an indirect selection criteria for seed yield. Flower color was controlled by two pairs of complementary gene. Petiole color and number of flowers per axil were controlled by a single complete dominant gene. Nectary was controlled by two pairs of duplicate gene. Trichome density on the main stem, trichome density on the capsule and number of secondary branches were controlled by two pairs of dominant epistasis gene. Number of primary branches was controlled by a single complete dominant gene. Days to the first flowering and oil content were controlled by two pairs of duplicate gene. Plant height, stem length to the first capsule and number of seeds per capsule were controlled by two pairs of complementary gene. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed yield per plant were controlled by two pairs of dominant epistasis gene. 1000-seed weight was controlled by two pairs of additive gene. Contents of sesamin, sasamolin and lignans were controlled by a single complete dominant gene or two pairs of additive gene. There were highly significant linear relationship, between F5 and F6 progenies in thirteen agronomic traits.

並列關鍵字

Sesame ； Agronomic traits ； Correlation ； Inheritance