溫度對枯葉蝶發育的影響

Effect of Temperature on Development of Kallima inachus formosana Fruhstörfer

陳子浩(Zi-Hao Chen) ； 黃啟鐘(Chi-Chuang Huang)

《嘉大農林學報》 15卷1期 (2018/02) Pp. 29-53

摘要

本研究探討枯葉蝶(Kallima inachus formosana)在不同溫度下對其生長發育的影響。在網室中採集枯葉蝶卵，分別置於15、20、25、30及35℃、80±5% RH、12L:12D之生長箱中，以曲莖馬藍(Strobilanthes flexicaulis)的葉片單隻飼育幼蟲至羽化為成蝶，每日觀察各蟲期的發育結果，顯示以20°C組之孵化率最高達96.6%。自卵至成蝶之存活率，以20°C組之71.6%最高，而30°C組之存活率降低至35.0%。各蟲期的發育日數皆隨溫度升高而縮短，且各蟲期的發育速率與飼育溫度間皆呈直線迴歸關係。枯葉蝶之發育臨界低溫，卵期、幼蟲期、蛹期及卵至成蝶分別為0.90、1.08℃、12.27及5.44°C；有效積溫為144.22、706.59、162.90及949.02日度。幼蟲頭殼寬度超過4.30 mm的閾值，即進入六齡型幼蟲或蛹期；幼蟲頭殼寬度隨齡期以1.51-1.53倍之等比增加，呈直線迴歸關係，符合戴爾法則。在20與25°C條件下雌蝶在蛹重、成蝶重及其翅長皆較雄蝶重且大。由結果可知，以20-25℃為適合飼育枯葉蝶的溫度，未來可作為大量繁殖的參考。

關鍵字

有效積溫 ； 發育 ； 頭殻寬度 ； 枯葉蝶 ； 溫度

並列摘要

The study was performed to effect of temperature on larval development. Fresh eggs of the Kallima inachus formosana, were collected from the host in a net room. Fresh eggs were placed in a growth chamber under condition of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, 80±5 % RH, and with a photoperiod of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness. Hatching larva was individually reared with leaves of Strobilanthes flexicaulis for a series of observations on the development of the butterfly. The results are summarized a follow. The data showed the highest hatching rate was 96.6 % at 20°C. The highest survival rate from egg to adult was 71.6 % at 20°C, and this decreased to 35.0 % at 30°C. Duration in days of life stages decreased as the temperature was raised from 20 to 30°C, and the development rate of the various life stages and rearing temperatures were correlated by linear regression. The lower developmental threshold temperatures for the development of egg, larvae, pupae, and the egg to adult stages were estimated to be 0.90, 1.08, 12.27 and 5.44°C, respectively. The accumulative effective temperatures of eggs, larvae pupae and the egg to adult stages were 144.22, 706.59, 162.90 and 949.02 degree-days, respectively. The threshold value of the average head capsule width for development into the 6th instar larvae on pupa was above 4.30 mm. The common logarithms of head capsule width of the larval stage and instars of larvae were correlated using linear regression. Accordingly, as the larval instar increased, the logarithm of the head capsule width increased at the same time from 1.51 to 1.53 unit. This specie followed Dyar's law. Female adults in pupal weight, wing length and weight adult are higher heavy and long than male adults at 20 and 25°C. According to the results, 20 to 25°C was the best rearing temperature range for the Kallima inachus formosana. The results provide information for mass production of this butterfly.

並列關鍵字

accumulative effective temperature ； development ； head capsule width ； Kallima inachus formosana ； temperature