台灣鹽漬土的改良利用與管理

Reclamation, Utilization and Management of Salted Soils in Taiwan

朱復慶(Fu-Ching Chu)

《土壤與環境》 2卷2期 (1999/06) Pp. 99-116

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.199906.0002

摘要

臺灣現存鹽漬土的面積，約有5萬3千多公頃，卻佔耕地面積的5.8%強。其面積較之1915年澀谷紀三郎博士的調查及估計，約近32萬公頃，則減少了臺灣鹽漬土面積的82.8%。其變化敘述如下：1.鹽漬土的改良：都能把握住鹽漬土變化的過程、作物生長的關係、鈣鹽改良的效應等基本理論。然後再依各地土壤的特性，因地制宜，採用適當的方法，洗脫土體中的鹽分，澈底杜絕鹽源，並施用土壤改良劑，改善土壤的理化性狀，而獲良好的成果。2.如何利用鹽漬土呢﹖善於掌握住「寓利用於改良之中」的基本原則。以節省人力、財力、物力、及時間。然後按部就班地，選植耐鹽作物；漸進地，栽培特用作物；適當地，調整農作制度，以收經濟效果。3.管理改良後的鹽漬土：幾多採取必要的措施。諸如防止鹽分回昇、洗除鹽風挾帶來的鹽分、慎選灌溉水質、維護土壤肥力、及適時診斷土性變化等措施，以維改良後的鹽漬土持續生產。

關鍵字

鹽漬土 ； 耕地 ； 鈣鹽 ； 土壤改良劑 ； 鹽風 ； 持續生產

並列摘要

There are about fifty three thousand hectares remained of salted soils in Taiwan, it occupies more than 5.8% total area of arable land. Comparing with near about three hundred twenty thousand hectares surveyed and estimated by Dr. Shibuya in 1915, the area of Taiwan salted soils has been decreased by 82.8%. The following may explian the change:1. Reclamation: Held such basic theories as the changing process of saflted soils, the factors of crops growthing, and the reclamation effect of calcium salts. And according to the properties of soils in different locations, took proper methods to leach away the salts from soil, and stop the salt resources thoroughly. In addition, apply the soil amendment to improve the physichemical properties of soil that the best result was obtained.2. Utilization: Had a good command of holding the princeiple ”to take the utilization in the reclamation” so as to save manpower, finance, materials and time. Then, selected the salt-resistence crops for planting orderly, and cultivated special kinds of corps gradually, adjusted the cropping system properly to reach the economical effect.3. Management: Almost adopted all essential measures as prevention of the reraising of salts, washing-out of the wind-salts, delicated selection of water for irrigating, maintenance of the fertility of soil, and detection on the change occurred in the characters of soils at right to keep the permanent producing of salted soils after reclaimation.

並列關鍵字

Salted soils ； Arable land ； Calcium salts ； Soil amendment ； Wind-salt ； Permanent producing