水稻施肥推薦系統之建置

Establishment of Fertilization Recommendation System for Paddies in Taiwan

陳琦玲(C. L. Chen) ； 陳世峰(S. F. Chen) ； 林毓雯(Y. W. Lin) ； 王鐘和(C. H. Wang) ； 劉滄棽(T. S. Liu) ； 張瑞明(J. M. Chang)

《土壤與環境》 6卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 207-222

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.200312.0004

摘要

本系統之施肥推薦包括水稻之梗稻、秈稻、圓糯、長糯等類別，其中在臺灣栽種面積較廣之多種品種的氮、磷、鉀三要素之施肥推薦；氮肥推薦原則乃以前人水稻肥料試驗結果之推薦量範為基準，而依期作生產力、有機資材之施用量及土壤特性，依序調整其推薦量或施肥方式。調整程序乃先將1991年全省一、二期作十個生產力等級調整為五個等級，以決定推薦量基準，生產力愈高則推薦量愈高。推薦量再扣除有機資材或前作殘體之施用將提供之肥分。若考慮生產良質米則僅施推薦量的90%。至於施肥方式，採用深層施肥者以推薦量之70%為基肥，且不必再施用追肥；採用撒施者則依土壤質地來決定每次施肥之比例。穗肥則無論何施肥方式，均依幼穗形成期之葉綠素測值或遙測資料決定全量或酌減施用。磷、鉀肥的推薦量則依土壤有效性磷、鉀的含量而定。磷肥之施肥方式以全部當基肥為原則，但花蓮及宜蘭等地區則推薦分施；鉀肥之施肥方式則以分施為原則。肥料實際推薦量則依肥料種類再作調整。本系統係以Visual Basic與Mapobject軟體，在微軟視窗(Windows 98)中文環境上開發之。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 施肥 ； 推薦系統。

並列摘要

The fertilization recommendation of the
three major essential elements ( N, P, K ) for
cultivated varieties of Japonica, Indica and
Glutinous types are involved in fertilization
recommendation system. The fertilization
recommendations for nitrogen are based on the
results of experiments conducted in respective
regions in Taiwan, and adjusted with the crop
productivity, expected N release from the
residue of previous crop, application method
and soil properties. The crop productivity
levels are divided to five levels modified from
the ten levels of productivity rating of paddy in
Taiwan. The higher the productivity, the higher
rate is recommended. The rate is deducted for
the nitrogen released from the residue of the
previous crop. The rate is deducted by 10 %
recommended rate if a higher quality of rice is
chased. The rate is adjusted by 70 % rate as
long as the fertilizer applied for deep placement
and spares the dressing application. The
amount of the individual three or four split
application is decided by soil texture provided
broadcast application is adopted. The rate for
panicle initiation stage is dependent on the
leave chlorophyll value or remote sensing
information. After nitrogen rate is devised, the
real fertilizer rate can be calculated with
d i f f e r e n t k i n d o f f e r t i l i z e r s . T h e
recommendation rates for phosphorus and
potassium are dependent on the levels of
available P and K in the soil. The system have
been programmed by Visual Basic and
MapObject with geographic information
system (GIS) and MS Access software on the
Microsoft Windows 98 in Chinese.

並列關鍵字

Paddies , Fertilization,