有機質肥料對土壤中氮素轉化與移動上的影響

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Transformation and Mobility of Nitrogen in Soils

陳鴻基(Horng-Ji Chen) ； 莊作權(Tzo-Chuan Juang)

《土壤與環境》 8卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 47-72

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.200506.0005

摘要

氮素是作物生長所需的重要元素，土壤供應氮素養分的大小會深深影響到作物的生長，探討有機質肥料施用對土壤氮素的轉化、硝酸態氮在土壤中的殘效與流失等之影響有其重要性。選擇屬於砂頁岩沖積土、粘板岩沖積土與紅土等試驗土壤，以化肥及有機質肥料處理後種植蔬菜作物來進行試驗。試驗結果指出三種不同土類土壤在種植蔬菜後有機質肥料處理的亞硝酸態氮和硝酸態氮量上均比化肥處理的低，且在NH4(上標 +)-N與(NO2(上標 -)+NO3(上標 -))-N的轉化上以有機質肥料處理較化肥處理明顯。淋洗液中的NO2(上標 -)和NO3(上標 -)量也以有機質肥料處理明顯低於化肥處理，且施用有機質肥料使淋洗液中NO3(上標 -)減少的量要大於NO2(上標 -)。有機質肥料的施用有助於土壤氮素的轉化及供應作物生長所需的氮素養分，而不會增加淋洗液中NO2(上標 -)和NO3(上標 -)的量，而施用化肥會比施用有機質肥料有較多的NO2(上標 -)和NO3(上標 -)被淋洗出。

關鍵字

有機質肥料 ； 硝酸態氮 ； 移動性

並列摘要

Nitrogen is an important nutritional element in crops growth. Ability of supplying nitrogen of soil apparently affects crops growth. We must study effects of applying organic fertilizer on transformation of nitrogen, retention and leaching of nitrate N in soils. We applied chemical and organic fertilizers into experimental soils (including Sandstone-Shale Alluvial Soils, Slate Alluvial Soils and Red Soils) and planted vegetables for experimental studies. The results indicated amounts of NO2(superscript -) and NO3(superscript -) of organic fertilizer treatment after planting vegetable less than chemical fertilizer treatment for three soils, and transformation of NH4(superscript +)-N and (NO2(superscript -) + NO3(superscript -))-N of organic fertilizer treatment was more obvious than chemical fertilizer treatment. Amounts of NO2(superscript -) and NO3(superscript -) of leached solution for organic fertilizer treatment was apparently less than chemical fertilizer treatment, and amounts of decreased NO3(superscript -) was more than that of NO2(superscript -) treated with organic fertilizer. Applying organic fertilizer could help transformation of soil nitrogen and nitrogen nutrient of crop growth and didn't increase amounts of NO2(superscript -) and NO3(superscript -) in leached solution. NO2(superscript -) and NO3(superscript -) could be leached in Chemical fertilizer treatment more than organic fertilizer treatment.

並列關鍵字

Organic Fertilizer ； Nitrate N ； Mobility