適用有機栽培的菇包廢料堆肥不同施用量對馬鈴薯產量及塊莖化學成分之影響

Effects of Different Application Rate Treatments of Spent Mushroom Composts on Yield and Tuber Chemical Composition of Potato (Solanumtuberosum L.) by Organic Cultivation

張瑋倫(Wei-Lun Chang) ； 馮淑慧(Shu-Huei Ferng) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《土壤與環境》 16卷1&2期 (2013/12) Pp. 1-20

摘要

本研究主要以克尼伯（Kennebec）和臺農一號（TN1）兩品種為試驗材料，於101年10月（秋作）及102年1月（春作）種植於嘉義縣朴子市有機農田中，試驗堆肥基質以菇類太空包廢料為主，再分別與（a）豬糞和（b）雞糞混合堆置發酵成兩種堆肥。研究目的探討馬鈴薯有機栽培肥培管理，以菇包廢料豬糞堆肥、菇包肥料雞糞堆肥，以不同施用量處理（低施用量3000公斤／公頃、中施用量6,000公斤／公頃、高施用量9000公斤／公頃）及對照組（不施用任何肥料處理）對馬鈴薯產量及塊莖中化學成分之影響，並與慣 行處理（化學肥料-臺肥39號複合肥料1250公斤／公頃）作比較。試驗結果如下：秋作施用豬糞、雞糞堆肥處理的克尼伯和臺農一號兩品種產量都較對照組（沒施用任何肥料）和慣行處理高。其中，克尼伯品種以豬、雞糞堆肥在低施用量處理下皆具有較佳的產量，且顯著高於慣行處理和對照組；春作施用豬糞、雞糞堆肥處理克尼伯和臺農一號兩品種產量都較對照組（沒施用任何肥料）高，和慣行處理相比產量則無顯著差異且兩品種在豬、雞糞堆肥以高施用量處理下產量和慣行處理相近。秋、春兩期作間，臺農一號在單株塊莖重及小區塊莖產量顯著高於克尼伯品種；秋、春作兩品種灰分含量皆以慣行處理較高，秋作克尼伯粗蛋白含量以豬糞、雞糞中、高施用量較佳，而臺農一號以慣行處理具有較佳粗蛋白含量，秋作克尼伯在碳水化合物含量以豬、雞糞堆肥中施用量較佳，春作則以慣行處理表現較佳。春、秋作兩品種在澱粉含量大致以施用豬、雞糞堆肥皆有較佳表現。秋、春兩期作間，在灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量皆以克尼伯顯著高於臺農一號品種。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 菇包廢料堆肥 ； 施用量處理 ； 產量 ； 化學成分 ； 有機肥培管理

並列摘要

This experiments explored the effects of different application rate treatments of spent mushroom composts on tuber yield and chemical composition of Kennebec and TN1 that were planted in the experimental field in Puzih City, Chiayi County in October and January for fall and spring crops in 2012 and 2013. The spent mushroom composts used in these experiment was fermented composts from mushroom waste mixed with (a) pig manure and (b) chicken manure. The objective of this experiments was to investigate the potato in organic cultivation management, the different type of composts (pig and chicken), different application rate treatments (low 3,000 kg/ha, middle 6,000 kg/ha, high 9,000 kg/ha) of spent mushroom composts and the control (without any fertilizer treatment) on potato tubers yield and chemical composition of tuber by organic cultivation, and compared with conventional treatment (chemical fertilizers#39, 1,250 kg/ha). The experiments results are as follows: In the fall crops, Kennebec and TN1 on the tuber yield were higher by apply spent mushroom composts with pig manure and spent mushroom composts with chicken manure as compared with the control group (no use of any fertilizer) and conventional treatment. And the Kennebec on the tuber yield were higher by apply spent mushroom composts with pig manure and spent mushroom composts with chicken manure of low application rate treatments. In the spring crops, Kennebec and TN1 on the tuber yield were higher by apply spent mushroom composts with pig manure and spent mushroom composts with chicken manure as compared with the control (without any fertilizer treatment) ,and had no difference between apply spent mushroom compost of high application rate and conventional treatment. In the fall and spring crops, TN1 was significantly higher than Kennebec on tuber weight per plant and tuber yield per plot. The terms of chemical compositions in tuber: ash content had significant higher on the conventional treatment in the fall and spring crops. The crude protein content of the fall crop in Kennebec was higher of middle and high application rate by spent mushroom composts with pig manure and spent mushroom composts with chicken manure. The crude protein content of the fall crop in TN1 was higher by conventional treatment. Kennebec on carbohydrate content in the fall crops was higher by spent mushroom composts with pig manure and spent mushroom composts with chicken manure of middle application rate. In fall and spring crops for two varieties of starch content were better by application with pig and chicken manure treatments. In the fall and spring crops, Kennebec was significantly higher than TN1 on ash, crude fat and crude protein content.

並列關鍵字

Potato ； Spent mushroom compost ； Application rate ； Yield ； Organic cultivation management ； Chemical composition