敷蓋處理對有機栽培馬鈴薯的雜草控制、農藝性狀與產量之影響

Effect of Mulch Treatment on Weed Control, Agronomic Characters and Yield of the Potato with Organic Cultivation

李啟仁(Chi-Rain Li) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《土壤與環境》 16卷1&2期 (2013/12) Pp. 45-58

摘要

本研究以馬鈴薯臺農一號及克尼伯為試驗材料，分別於2012年10月及2013年1月種植於嘉義朴子經合格驗證之有機農家農地。探討敷蓋塑膠布、稻草、稻殼及花生殼對馬鈴薯臺農一號及克尼伯品種秋春兩期作雜草相、農藝性狀及產量之影響。試驗結果顯示，秋春兩期作兩品種皆以禾本科雜草物種為主，秋作以芒稷所占比例最高，春作則以牛筋草所占比例最高，秋作與春作馬鈴薯兩品種有機栽培之雜草控制，以敷蓋塑膠布、稻草、稻殼、花生殼對雜草密度及乾重具顯著的抑制效果，經敷蓋處理皆有顯著抑制雜草生長之效果，其中以覆蓋塑膠布抑制雜草之效果最佳，其次為敷蓋稻草。就產量性狀之比較，經塑膠布、稻草、稻殼及花生殼敷蓋對馬鈴薯塊莖重、塊莖長、塊莖數及小區塊莖產量皆有提升之效果，其中秋作臺農一號以敷蓋稻殼對小區塊莖產量提高之效果最佳，較對照組提高50.5%，克尼伯品種則以敷蓋塑膠布在秋作上有最佳表現，較對照組提高47.8%，春作馬鈴薯塊莖產量臺農一號以敷蓋稻殼有最佳表現，相較對照組提高68.5%，而克尼伯以敷蓋塑膠布產量最高，相較對照組提高61.4%。上述可知，敷蓋稻殼對臺農一號品種具有較佳的產量表現，而敷蓋塑膠布則對克尼伯品種具有較佳的產量表現。

關鍵字

敷蓋 ； 馬鈴薯 ； 有機栽培 ； 雜草控制 ； 農藝性狀 ； 產量

並列摘要

Both potato cv. TNG1 and kennebec were used as experimental varieties that were planted in the organic farmland at Chiayi pu Zi in Oct. 2012 (autumn crop) and Feb. 2013 (spring crop), respectively. This study evaluated the effects of using mulch, including silver-black mulch film, rice straw, rice hull and peanut hull on weed control, agronomic characters and yield of potato varieties during two seasons. Experimintal results showed that the Gramineae spp. was the addition, major weed species in the field in autumn and spring. In addition, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link was the main weed species in autumn, but Wleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. was the major weed species in spring. In the mulch treatment, after covering with silver-black mulch film, rice straw, rice hull and peanut hull, density, growth and dry weights of weeds were significantly inhibited in autumn and spring seasons. Among the mulch treatments, the silver-black mulch film had better effect, then the rice straw. Comparison on the crops character, all the weight, length, quantity and yield per plot of potato tuber had promotion effect, after covering with silver-black mulch film, rice straw, rice hull and peanut hull. In which, the TN1 in autumn has the best enhancement of tuber yield per plot by covering with rice hull, and enhances 50% compared with the control group. Besides, the kennebec in autumn had the best performance by covering with silver-black mulch film. And compared with the control group, there was increase of 47.8%. In addition to spring, the TN1 in terms of the covering with rice hull, which compared with control group had increased by 68.5%, had the best performance. Otherwise, the kennebec in spring, which compared with the control group had increased 47.8% by covering with silver-black mulch film, had the best performance. In conclusion, covering with rice hull would bring the best harvest for TN1. But, for the kennebec, covering black plastic would bring the best harvest.

並列關鍵字

mulch ； potato ； organic cultivation ； weed control ； agronomic characters ； yield