The number of strategic alliances appears to have increased dramatically in the past two decades. However, prior research has shown, unfortunately, that strategic alliances are fairly unstable and prone to failure. Therefore, there is a considerable interest among managers and scholars in discovering a recipe for successful alliances. Some prior studies implied that formation motives, interfirm diversity, and partner interaction may affect the strategic alliance. However, little has been done on empirically examining their effects on the alliance performance. Accordingly, this study attempts to examine the relationships between these key factors and the alliance performance. Hypotheses are derived based on three academic approaches-strategic behavior, transaction cost, and organizational learning. The findings indicate that different oriented formation motives will lead to different level of alliance performance; that formation motives and partner interaction are positively related to the alliance performance while interfirm diversity negatively affects the alliance performance.