附屬句中的"tai/tagaru"的人稱現象－以日文學習者的誤用情況為例－

An Analysis of Person Restriction on "-Tai" and "-Tagaru": Over Their Inappropriate Use by Taiwanese Learners of Japanese

蔣千苓(Chien-Ling Chiang)

《銘傳日本語教育》 9期 (2006/10) Pp. 69-88

https://doi.org/10.29692/MCRBYJY.200610.0005

摘要

「tagaru」在日語教育中通常被解釋為使用在「第三者（人稱）的期望」上。但是看看日文學習者所造的句子，除了有很多不自然的地方外，也有很多現象我們無法單以「第三人稱的期望」來說明。因此本文決定以問卷的方式觀察學習者的誤用情況。調查結果顯示，學習者傾向用主詞來判斷「tai/tagaru」兩者，或僅僅使用「tai」一詞而已。然而，在本文的分析中，附屬句中「tai/tagaru」的使用其實與「句中焦點」的關係最為密切。因此，日文學習者在學習「tai/tagaru」時，必須留意以下三原則：
(1)「tai/tagaru」的人稱限制僅限定於句尾的基本形。
(2)「tai/tagaru」放在附屬句時，人稱限制得以解除，主要依靠上下文的關係來判斷。想強調的部分用「tagaru」比較自然。
(3)在從屬句中，若僅是表示說話者的推測或斷定，則動作主即使是第三人稱也可使用「tai」

關鍵字

tai ； tagaru ； 人稱限制 ； 日文學習者

並列摘要

In Japanese language education, a possible explanation on the use of ”-Tagaru” has been exclusively limited within the scope of the desire from the third person. However, some sentences used by Taiwanese learners of Japanese (TLJs) show that such an interpretation cannot explain their unnatural, inappropriate use of ”-tagaru”. In the present study, we investigated their inappropriate use of ”-tagaru” and its relationship to the person restriction, based on the corpus obtained from the questionnaire survey. The results indicated that they use ”-tagaru”, depending on the subject of the sentence, or they only use ”-tai”, avoiding the use of ”-tagaru”. The present considerations of the use of ”-tagaru”/”-tai” and the person restriction suggest that their use is closely related to the focus of the context. We consider that it is important to keep in mind the three following points, when TLJs learn the use of ”-tai” and ”-tagaru”:
(1) the person restriction of ”-tai” and ”-tagaru” is limited when their basic form is used in the end of the sentence, in the same way as ”-tai”•”-tagaru” and ”-tagatteiru” ”-tagatteimasu”
(2)the person restriction of ”-tai” and ”-tagaru” is derestricted and becomes context-sensitive when they are placed in the subordinate clause: the use of ”-tagaru” gives more natural impressions to emphasize,
(3) in the subordinate clause. ”-tai” can be used when it expresses the speaker's assertion and guess. even though the agent is the third person.

並列關鍵字

-tai ； -tagaru ； person restriction,TLJs

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