Language is the main communication media as well as the basis of learning. Recently, due to the instruction method's inability to completely fulfill the task, many difficulties exist in Chinese course teaching of elementary schools in Taiwan. However, the increasingly open and pluralistic society makes the language more important than ever. As a result, improving Chinese course teaching is urgently demanded. In this article, teaching difficulties, curriculum basis and recent developments in curriculum and instruction are first examined. Accordingly, the necessity and tendency for improving teaching are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for Chinese course teaching are proposed.