In recent years, principals of elementary and junior high schools are not only playing the role of administration leaders, but also instructional leaders due to scholars' appeals and practical necessity of education. Furthermore, another functional role which is curriculum leadership is attracting more concerns due to the influence of curriculum and instructional policies reformation. Referring to education development from other countries, it is a natural trend that elementary and junior high school principals play both roles of instructional and curriculum leadership, but there are still obstacles to be overcome. We hope this article can give a clear idea concerning the difference between theory and reality, and then find a way to solve the practical problems. We hope this step of principals' instructional and curriculum leadership could be implemented to the operation of practical school education.