高雄縣國小高年級學童口腔衛生教育介入研究

An Intervention Study of Oral Health Education for Senior School Children in Elementary School of Kaohsiung County

廖美蘭(Liao-Mei Lan) ； 楊奕馨(Yi-Hsin Yang) ； 謝天渝(Tien-Yu Shieh) ； 鄭增鎰(Tseng-Yi Cheng)

《Taiwan Journal of Oral Medicine Sciences》 24卷2期 (2008/08) Pp. 135-146

https://doi.org/10.7059/TJOMS.200808.0135

摘要

背景：近年來雖然生活品質提升，但學童齲齒率仍居高不下，在國外的研究發現設計口腔健康教育活動的教材，且確實做到口腔衛生教育，可以達到改變學生的口腔保健行為，達到口腔健康的目的。
目的：本研究針對目前國小的口腔衛生教育，設計一套適用的衛教教材，並進行口腔衛生教育介入，了解學生口腔衛生知識、態度與行為改變情形。
方法：選取高雄縣位於沿海地區，兩所同社區之一國小高年級學童為對象各兩班，其中實驗組為77人，對照組為79人。參加者在前測及後測皆完成。問卷及口腔檢查，其中實驗組接受36節40分鐘的衛教分別於上下學期並於期中進行評估，對照組則以文宣為主。
結果：實驗組在口腔保健知識及態度後測增加量（知識：3.61±1.93），p值＜0.0001,（態度：2.22±4.56），p值＝0.0046）顯著多於對照組（知識：0.55±1.95），（態度：0.38±3.28）。
結論：實驗組在經過課程介入後不論在口腔知識、態度、行為都有其效果。在口腔保健課程後，有些口腔保健行為是持續增加（刷牙次數），介入後分數增加又下降（吃零食次數、自動自發刷牙、定期看牙醫）等項。因此學生口腔保健行為的延續，有賴於持續督促。

關鍵字

口腔衛生教育介入 ； 國小高年級學童 ； 口腔保健知識 ； 態度 ； 行為

並列摘要

Background: Although the quality of life has been improved, the prevalence rates of caries of the schoolchildren were still high. Previous studies had shown that oral health education can change the oral health behaviors, and hence reduce oral cavity.
Study Objective: The purposes of this research were to design a set of teaching planning activities, which can be applied to educational curriculum on senior schoolchildren of primary school, and to investigate the knots ledge, attitude, and behavioral changes.
Methods: There were 156 schoolchildren of senior grade schoolchildren from the two primary schools at coastland of Kaohsiung County. The experiment group had 77 schoolchildren, and the control group had 79 schoolchildren. At the first stage, schoolchildren in both groups finished pre-test questionnaire. The control group was provided a booklet of basic information on oral health care. There were 36 classes (40 minutes) provided to the experiment group. Later, both groups received post-test questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed by JMP5.
Result: It was found that the score changes on knowledge (3.61±1.93, p-value＜0.0001) and attitude (2.22±4.56. p-value=0.0046) from pre-to post-tests were statistically significantly better in the experiment group. The proportion of not eating snacks other than the daily three meals had changed from 71.43% to 90.91%. The behavior of brushing teeth after eating changed from 0.00%, 55.84% to 53.25%.
Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and behavior were improved after intervention. It is important that doe sustainability of oral health education. It was found some behaviors on oral health care were improved (the time of washing tooth) after finished the program. There were items with proportions increased and decreased again including (the time of taking snacks, wash tooth spontaneously and see dentist regularly. Therefore the continuation of caring the schoolchildren' teeth should depend on the continual supervision.